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D. The procedure of Action research
The procedure which should be followed in this study consists of six steps. Each cycle is begun from planning the action until revising the
plan. The procedure conducted is as follows: 1.
Identifying the problems The problems which were identified include the factor causing
the lack of speaking competence of the students. The problems were identified by using three techniques, they are:
a. Observation
The observation was done to know both teacher and students’ behavior during teaching and learning process, the model
of class management, and teacher technique in teaching speaking. b.
Using test PLAN
REFLECT
OBSERVE ACT
CYCLE 1 REFLECT
ACT
OBSERVE CYCLE 2
CYCLE 3
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The pre-test was given to know students’ ability in speaking, especially in the level of competence.
c. Interview
The interview the writer had conducted was for both teacher and some students for sample. The interview with the
teacher was aimed to know the difficulties faced by the teacher in teaching speaking. While the interview with the students was
aimed to know what difficulties which halt them in speaking out the language English they learn.
2. Planning the action
In making the action plan, the writer made it herself under the both counselors and teacher notice. The action plan was made before
implementing the action. Here is the preparation: a.
Deciding the topic or the material b.
Making the lesson plan and designing the steps in doing the action based on the treatment carried out
c. Preparing teaching aids pieces of paper containing topics of
discussion, papers for students to record the process of discussion d.
Learning how to convey all of the material which had been made to the students
e. Preparing camera to take pictures of the teaching and learning
process
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f. Preparing sheets for classroom observation during the teaching
and learning process to know the situation of the class, what happen to the students and the process of teaching and learning
when Small-group discussion is applied g.
Preparing post-test to know the improvement of students’ speaking competence
3. Implementing the action
The writer which acted as both the teacher and the researcher implemented the action. The writer taught and let the students practice
their speaking by discussing the topic given. 4.
Observingmonitoring the action He observed and recorded the whole activity during the
teaching and learning process in both written observation field note and visual form pictures.
5. Reflecting the result of observation
He asked questions about what they felt and why to students at the end of the teaching and learning process after the treatment. He
noticed and analyzed what went wrong during the action and what must be revised in order to have a better action.
6. Revising the plan
The weakness which had been found became the basis or a foundation to revise the action plan for the next cycle.
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E. Data Collecting
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