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In conclusion, speaking competency is the ability of organizing and synchronizing both the knowledge of the language and the skills of
the language in real-life use or other word, in real communication.
b. The Macro and Micro skills of Speaking
Macro skill in speaking deals with what the so-called interaction skill. It is the skill of controlling one’s own language
production and having to make one’s own choices to achieve communication. Interaction skills inivolve making decisions about
communication, such as: what to say, how to say it, and whether to develop it, in accordance with one’s intentions, while maintaining the
desired relation with others.
Micro-skills is the the way the students organize the features of language.
Here are some of the micro-skills involved in speaking. The speaker has to:
1 pronounce the distinctive sounds of a language clearly enough so that people can distinguish them. This includes making
tonal distinctions. 2 use stress and rhythmic patterns, and intonation patterns of the
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language clearly enough so that people can understand what is said.
3 use the correct forms of words. This may mean, for example, changes in the tense, case, or gender.
4 put words together in correct word order. 5 use vocabulary appropriately.
6 use the register or language variety that is appropriate to the situation and the relationship to the conversation partner.
7 make clear to the listener the main sentence constituents, such as subject, verb, object, by whatever means the language uses.
8 make the discourse hang together so that people can follow what you are saying
www.linguallinksspeakingskills.htm.
c. The Position of Speaking in English Language Teaching ELT
Skills in language learning are grouped into two major categories, productive and receptive skills. Productive skill refers to
the production of language. Speaking and writing belong to productive skill. When one speaks, he produces languages with his mouth and
when one writes, he produces languages in written form. Meanwhile,
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receptive skill is the way language is received. Reading and listening belong to receptive skill. When one listens, he receives languages
through his ears, and when one reads, he receives languages in written form.
Speaking is one of language skills which is developed in language learning. Together with Listening, Reading, and writing,
speaking is seen as one of four language skills. It is the way people communicate the language orally. Speaking is in many ways an
undervalued skill. Perhaps this is because we can almost all speak, and so take the skill too much for granted. Speaking is, however, a skill
which deserves attention every bit as much as literary skills, in both first and second language.
Bygate 1997 says that speaking is the vehicle parexcellence of social solidarity, of social ranking, of professional advancement and
of bussiness. And in Language learning, speaking is a medium through which much language is learnt, and which for many is particularly
conducive for learning.
d. Techniques for Teaching Speaking
