29 CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1. Research Design
In this research, the design used is a qualitative descriptive method. This design is known relates to grounded-theory, data analysis, and qualitative research
method. The research design is qualitative due to the descriptive data which is in the form of words, in this analysis, newspaper texts. Then, this is also descriptive
because it obtains information by describing the phenomena through descriptive data, generally characterized by simultaneous data collection and analysis.
Regarding to qualitative research method, Lexy 2005 argues that qualitative research is all about exploring issues, understanding phenomena, and answering
questions. These things will eventually lead to the goal of the research. The goal of qualitative research is to “better understand human behavior and experience...grasp
the processes by which people construct meanings and to describe what those meanings are” Bogdan Biklen, 1998:38. So, by describing the phenomena, the
goal of the research is achieved to understand what the phenomena are meant to be. According to Merriam 2009:13, qualitative research is chosen because the
researcher is interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world.
She offered the following four characteristics to describe qualitative research. Those characteristics are:
a The purpose of qualitative research, it is to understand the meaning attributed to individuals’ experiences. The focus of meaning in people’s experiences is
on the process rather than the outcome.
30 b The primary instrument used to collect and analyze data is the researcher
himself. c This research method is regarded as an inductive process as it is often being
used to gather evidence in order to establish a theory and a hypothesis that previous research has neglected.
d This research method provides highly descriptive data in the form of words and pictures rather than the numbers.
So, the qualitative descriptive method identifies and describes the phenomena regarding to the topics and brings it to human experience in order to achieve a better
understanding towards the issue. Qualitative findings are sometimes presented together with quantitative result
to facilitate interpretations of the instances. The analysis of data involves the constant comparing of instances of one category with another in an attempt
to “saturate” Creswell, 1994:156. Therefore this qualitative descriptive method also counts the
data percentage in order to merely obtain the presentation of the analysis result.
3.2. Source of Data
Kategori