Feminism Character Definition of Terms

Arp and Johnson 2012: 12 mention some types of characters as below: a. static character does not change throughout the work, and the reader’s knowledge of that character does not grow. While a dynamic character undergoes some kind of change because of the action in the plot. A A b. flat character embodies one or two qualities, ideas, or traits that can be readily described in a brief summary. They are not psychologically complex characters and therefore are readily accessible to readers. Round characters are more complex than flat characters, and often display the inconsistencies and internal conflicts found in most real people. They are more fully developed, and therefore are harder to summarize. According to Robert and Jacob, there are four ways to characterize or make characters understandable for readers: a. What the characters themselves say and think What characters say or think may reflect a momentary emotional or intellectual state. However, this reflection should be considered on the situation or contexts of a statement. b. What the characters do Actions that characters have can be interpreted as sign of characters as what people usually said that actions speak louder than words, mean that actions of character can show clearly how the character looks like and how the character’s personality is. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI c. What other characters say about them As in real life where people are accustomed to gossiping others, in fiction an author also presents that situation. Other characters give their opinion of a character. d. What the author says about them Usually what the author says about character is accepted accurately. By correctly interpreting the tools of characterization used by an author, readers can arrive at clear understanding of what characters in stories are like. It is important to have a good understanding of a character because the personality of the character contributes to the plot development, conflict in a story, and the description of a character.

2. Theory of Patriarchy

Patriarchy refers to a social structure where the action and ideas of men are dominant over women. Walby defines patriarchy as a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women 1990:20. It can be seen that patriarchy is a social structure that creates the superiority of men. Patriarchal system organizes the society in such a way to give benefit to the men in general. In many cultures, women are expected to do domestic tasks in home while men are in outside the house. Domestic activity include preparation and consumption of food: cleaning, grooming, teaching, and disciplining the young: sleeping: and adult sexual intercourse Arp Johnson, 2012: 120. Women in patriarchal society are considered in private sphere not in public sphere PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI