1. Allegory
Allegory is a narrative or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface.
20
The name and event in Allegory may be abstract but the purpose is always clear. The meaning of Allegory should be drawn up to the surface in
understanding it. Although the surface story or description may have its own interest, the author’s major interest is in the ulterior meaning.
When Pharaoh in the bible, for instance, has a dream in which seven fat kine are devoured by seven lean kine, the story does not really become significant until
Joseph interprets its allegorical meaning: that Egypt is to enjoy seven years of fruitfulness and prosperity followed by seven years of famine.
2. Allusion
Gorys Keraff defines Allusion as “A reference that suggests the similarity of people, places, or events
”
21
. Perrine describes the Allusion as—a reference to something in history or previous literature—is like a richly connotative word or a
symbol, a mean of suggesting far more than it says.
22
From the definitions above, the writer can conclude that Allusion refers to an explicit or implicit reference to well-known events, characters, or places,
mythology or literature. By the use of allusion, the meaning of the message should be clearer. The writer uses it by the conviction that the reader or the hearer is
familiar with the things spoken about.
20
Laurence Perrine 1991, op.cit.,p. 88
21
Gorys Keraf 2002, op.cit,p.141
22
Laurence Perrine 1991, op.cit.,p.120
Allusion is a means of reinforcing the emotion or ideas of one’s own work with the emotion or idea of another work or occasion. The example of allusion is in
the sentence, “I am not Juliet”; from this sentence, the speaker says so much in so little, she exercises the mind of the hearers to make the connection for them. In this
case, the hearers who are familiar with the word Juliet will have the whole story about Juliet in their minds and make them understand the meaning of the speaker’s
utterance.
3. Hyperbole or overstatement
Kategori