v
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR i
ABSTRAK iii
ABSTRACT iv
DAFTAR ISI v
DAFTAR TABEL vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR viii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang 1
1.2. Identifikasi Masalah 2
1.3. Tujuan 2
1.4. Pembatasan Masalah 2
1.5. Sistematika Penulisan 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1. Pengertian Elevator 4
2.2 Sejarah Elevator 7
2.3 Mikrokontroler 9
2.2.1 Kegunaan Mikrokontroler 10
2.2.2 Jenis – jenis Mikrokontoler
11 2.4 AVR ATmega 16
10 2.3.1 Fitur
– fitru ATmega16 12
2.3.2 Konfigurasi ATmega16 12
2.5 Motor Servo 15
2.6 CodeVisionAVR 17
2.7 Sensor Magnet Reedswitch 18
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI
3.1
Perancangan Alat
21
3.1.1 Perancangan Pondasi Elevator 21
3.1.2 Motor Servo 23
vi
3.1.3 Rangkaian Mikrokontroler 24
3.2 Performance Elevator 29
3.2.1 Aturan Gerak Dasar Elevator 30
3.3 Cara Kerja Alat 32
3.4 Pembuatan Program 34
BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISA
4.1 Pengujian Rangkaian Mikrokontroler 37
4.2 Pengujian dan Analisa Gerak Dasar Elevator 38
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1
Kesimpulan
48 5.2 Saran
49
DAFTAR PUSTAKA 50
LAMPIRAN A
Program pada CodeVisionAVR A-1
LAMPIRAN B
Gambar Prototype Elevator B-1
vii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Fungsi khusus port B 13
Tabel 2.2 Fungsi khusus port C 14
Tabel 2.3 Fungsi khusus port D 14
Tabel 3.1 Logika gerak dasar elevator secara umum 30
Tabel 4.1 Pengujian Waktu Tempuh Elevator tanpa beban 41
Tabel 4.2 Pengujian Waktu Tempuh Elevator beban penuh 41
Tabel 4.3
Contoh Pengujian Waktu Tempuh
42 Tabel 4.4
Konfigurasi Panel Satu Perintah 43
Tabel 4.5 Contoh Konfigurasi Panel Satu Perintah
44 Tabel 4.6 Kecepatan Elevator dengan Satu Perintah
45 Tabel 4.7 Penjelasan Kecepatan Elevator dengan Satu Perintah
46
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 ATmega16 11
Gambar 2.2 Pin ATmega16 13
Gambar 2.3 Rangkaian dalam motor servo 15
Gambar 2.4 Sinyal untuk mengendalikan motor servo 16
Gambar 2.5 Lebar Pulsa dan Posisi Servo 17
Gambar 2.6 CodeVisionAVR 18
Gambar 2.7 Cara kerja reed switch 19
Gambar 3.1 Blok Diagram 20
Gambar 3.2 Tampak Depan Elevator 21
Gambar 3.3 Tampak Belakang Elevator 22
Gambar 3.4 Bagian Motor Servo 22
Gambar 3.5 Pengait Besi 23
Gambar 3.6 Kayu sebagai Jalur elevator 23
Gambar 3.7 Bagian rangkaian motor servo 24
Gambar 3.8 MikroAVR16 25
Gambar 3.9 Sistem Minimum AVR ATMega16 27
Gambar 3.10 Skema rangkaian elevator 28
Gambar 3.11 Modul MikroAVR16 29
Gambar 3.12 Power Supply mikrokontroler 29
Gambar 3.13 Panel input tombol pemilih 31
Gambar 3.14 Flowchart Utama 32
Gambar 3.15 Flowchart cek saklar dan tombol 33
Gambar 3.16 Flowchart cek tombol dan sensor magnet 34
Gambar 3.17 CodeVisionAVR 35
Gambar 3.18 Konfigurasi ATmega16 35
Gambar 3.19 Download program 36
Gambar 4.1 Prototype elevator 37
Gambar 4.2 Jarak Elevator Tiap Lantai 38
Gambar 4.3 Kunci shock sebagai berat beban elevator 42
LAMPIRAN A
Program pada CodeVisionAVR A-1
include mega16.h include delay.h
Declare your global variables here ===============================================
========== Inisialisasi Output ============ ===============================================
define servo PORTC.0 Motor servo define led1 PORTC.1 Led di Lantai 1
define led2 PORTC.2 Led di Lantai 2 define led3 PORTC.3 Led di Lantai 3
define led4 PORTC.4 Led di Lantai 4 define led5 PORTC.5 Led di Lantai 5
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ===============================================
============ Inisialisasi Sensor ========== ===============================================
define mgt1 PINB.2 magnet di Lantai 1 define mgt2 PINB.3 magnet di Lantai 2
define mgt3 PINB.4 magnet di Lantai 3 define mgt4 PINB.5 magnet di Lantai 4
define mgt5 PINB.6 magnet di Lantai 5 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
=============================================== ============ Inisialisasi Tombol ==========
=============================================== define tbl_u5 PINA.0 tombol up lantai 5
define tbl_u4 PINA.1 tombol up lantai 4 define tbl_u3 PINA.2 tombol up lantai 3
define tbl_u2 PINA.3 tombol up lantai 2 define tbl_d1 PINA.4 tombol down lantai 1
define tbl_d2 PINA.5 tombol down lantai 2 define tbl_d3 PINA.6 tombol down lantai 3
define tbl_d4 PINA.7 tombol down lantai 4 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
=============================================== ========== Program Motor Servo ============
=============================================== void naik
{ servo = 1;
delay_ms1.8; servo = 0;
delay_ms20; }
void turun {
servo = 1; delay_us5500;
servo = 0; delay_ms20;
}
A-1
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ===============================================
========== Program indikator led ========== ===============================================
void l1 {
ifmgt1 == 0 {
led1 = 0; }
} void l2
{ ifmgt2 == 0
{ led2 = 0;
} }
void l3 {
ifmgt3 == 0 {
led3 = 0; }
} void l4
{ ifmgt4 == 0
{ led4 = 0;
} }
void l5 {
ifmgt5 == 0 {
led5 = 0; }
} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
void mainvoid {
PORTA=0xFF; DDRA=0x00;
PORTB=0x7C; DDRB=0x00;
PORTC=0x3E; DDRC=0x3F;
PORTD=0x00;
A-2
DDRD=0x00; TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00; OCR0=0x00;
TCCR1A=0x00; TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00; TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00; ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00; OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00; OCR1BL=0x00;
ASSR=0x00; TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00; OCR2=0x00;
MCUCR=0x00; MCUCSR=0x00;
TIMSK=0x00; ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00; while 1
{ Place your code here
============= Niak ke Lantai 2 ============ iftbl_u2 mgt2 == 1
{ naik;
led2 = 1; }
else {
tbl_u2 = 0; led2 = 1;
l2; }
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ============ Naik ke Lantai 3 ==============
iftbl_u3 mgt3 == 1 {
naik; led3 = 1;
}
A-3
else {
tbl_u3 = 0; led3 = 1;
l3; }
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ============= Niak ke Lantai 4 ============
iftbl_u4 mgt4 == 1 {
naik; led4 = 1;
} else
{ tbl_u4 = 0;
led4 = 1; l4;
} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
============ Naik ke Lantai 5 ============== iftbl_u5 mgt5 == 1
{ naik;
led5 = 1; }
else {
tbl_u5 = 0; led5 = 1;
l5; }
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ============ Turun ke Lantai 1 =============
iftbl_d1 mgt1 == 1 {
turun; led1 = 1;
} else
{ tbl_d1 = 0;
led1 = 1; l1;
} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
============ Turun ke Lantai 2 ============== iftbl_d2 mgt2 == 1
{ turun;
A-4
led2 = 1; }
else {
tbl_d2 = 0; led2 = 1;
l2; }
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ============ Turun ke Lantai 3 =============
iftbl_d3 mgt3 == 1 {
turun; led3 = 1;
} else
{ tbl_d3 = 0;
led1 = 1; l3;
} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
============ Turun ke Lantai 4 ============== iftbl_d4 mgt4 == 1
{ turun;
led4 = 1; }
else {
tbl_d4 = 0; led4 = 1;
l4; }
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ };
}
A-5
LAMPIRAN B
Gambar Prototype Elevator B-1
Gambar B-1 Prototype elevator
B-1
Gambar B-2 Skema rangkaian elevator
PB0T0XCK 1
PB1T1 2
PB2AIN0INT2 3
PB3AIN1OC0 4
PB4SS 5
PB5MOSI 6
PB6MISO 7
PB7SCK 8
RESET 9
XTAL2 12
XTAL1 13
PD0RXD 14
PD1TXD 15
PD2INT0 16
PD3INT1 17
PD4OC1B 18
PD5OC1A 19
PD6ICP1 20
PD7OC2 21
PC0SCL 22
PC1SDA 23
PC2TCK 24
PC3TMS 25
PC4TDO 26
PC5TDI 27
PC6TOSC1 28
PC7TOSC2 29
PA7ADC7 33
PA6ADC6 34
PA5ADC5 35
PA4ADC4 36
PA3ADC3 37
PA2ADC2 38
PA1ADC1 39
PA0ADC0 40
AREF 32
AVCC 30
U1
ATMEGA16 +88.8
RL1
JW D-107-3 Reed switch 1
RL2
JW D-107-3 Reed switch 2
RL4
JW D-107-3 Reed switch 4
RL5
JW D-107-3 Reed switch 5
RL3
JW D-107-3 Reed switch 3
D1
DIODE-LED indikator Lantai 1
D2
DIODE-LED indikator Lantai 2
D3
DIODE-LED indikator Lantai 3
D4
DIODE-LED indikator Lantai 4
D5
DIODE-LED indikator Lantai 5
R1
220R
R2
220R
R3
220R
R4
220R
R5
220R
Saklar u5 Saklar u4
Saklar u3 Saklar u2
Saklar d1 Saklar d2
Saklar d3 Saklar d4
B-2
Gambar B-3 Rangkaian modul MikroAVR16
B-3
1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
