Discussion FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

144 Children are usually perceived as human beings who are ignorant, innocent, dependent, selfish, and irresponsible. Nevertheless, children characters in Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum are far from those negative images. They are caring, sensitive, independent, unselfish, and responsible. Besides those negative traits that have adhered to children, they are also perceived as passive. In most of the conventional children stories, they have minor roles. Yet, children characters in Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum are active. It is proven by the unconventional roles of children that become the parents, the protector, and the household activity holder even though they have some childish traits and naughtiness. The ways of deconstructing those negative images both about children and children stories are striking but interesting. She creates complicated plot in which the conflict is not merely between person against person like commonly appearing in conventional children stories. The conflict is between person against self, and person against society. This way is useful since it makes readers, especially child readers can see, that they can even have an internal battle with themselves such as feeling jealous, worry, guilty, angry, empty, etc. Besides, society can be the antagonist of their action because of different views. Another way is using different point of view. Wilson uses this way to give the readers understanding that children have their own perspective about something. They have their own perception about tattoo, divorce, parents, 145 mental illness, and even small thing such as kissing. The other way is that Wilson employs sensitive issues in The Illustrated Mum. Sensitive issues such as divorce, tattoo, mental illness, kissing, abuse, bullying, etc, are introduced to children to make them understand earlier about those sensitive topics. It is seen that the way children see something is influenced by society and it can be represented by their parents. Yvonne and Kayleigh, for instance, have bad perception about tattoos because all they receive from their parents about the images of tattoo is bad image. Whereas, Oliver and Dolphin have good perception about tattoo as they have no bad information from their parents about tattoo. All they think about it is that tattoo is artistic and beautiful. By presenting the different point of view from children characters, Wilson hopes that children will not be innocent and empty headed in facing those issues. Wilson deconstructs the conventional images of children and children stories by subverting adultchild image, too. In most of the conventional children stories, adult is given privilege by having positive traits and active roles, while child becomes a dead character who possesses negative traits. Wilson overturns the image of adult and child by giving child privilege in The Illustrated Mum. She intends to tell to the readers that children can be positive and active. In addition, she wants the readers to know that adults are imperfect human beings who have flaws. 146 Another is subverting goodbad images. In most of the conventional children stories, characters who are considered as good are obedient children who always follow adult‟s command. Even though the command is not good, they still follow it. Children characters who are considered as bad are children who are not obedient. They are children who always ask why they have to do this and that, reasoning an action from someone, and give opinion to adults. However, Wilson gives privilege to those bad children characters to be re-observed by the readers. In The Illustrated Mum, children might be possibly seen as bad since they often oppose adults characters, especially their mother. Wilson tries to “awaken” the readers about their bad perception towards children that has been shaped by those conventional children stories. She, rather, names those children characters as critical children. If they are not critical and knowledgeable enough about their mother‟s bad behavior, their mother might not turn into a better person. It is why Wilson calls them as critical children rather than bad children though they are not obedient. Wilson subverts malefemale child image, too, in order to give privilege to female child characters. Mostly in conventional children stories, the one that is given positive and active image is a male child character. The hero of a story is always a boy and the independent character is a boy. Yet, in The Illustrated Mum, Wilson overturns the image by creating independent and smart female child characters to be the hero of the story. 147 The last way Wilson uses to deconstruct conventional images of children and children stories is denying logocentrism about children‟s negative image. Society sees children as ignorant, dependent, innocent, selfish and irresponsible. It is seen that negative logocentrism adheres children wherever and whenever they are, from time to time. However, Wilson rewrites a story that denies that logocentrism. She uses this method to awaken the readers that not all children have bad images and that kind of logocentrism can only weaken children in the real life. By doing this, Wilson can empower and support children, as readers, to be positive and better. It can be seen that Wilson is the author that is outside of mainstream in writing children stories. The Illustrated Mum is also a children‟s book that does not follow the mainstream proven by the children characters it has and the way Wilson rewrites this novel. The other thing that needs to be highlighted from this novel is that the reasons why chil dren can act like that and why their traits are very “adult”. Children are forced to act like an adult and have adult traits such as more sensitive, caring, responsible, independent, etc, because of external force. The complex and hard condition where their mother is suffering from mental illness is one factor that forces them to switch the role to be the ones that are responsible for doing household activities, parenting, and protecting one another. That factor influences the traits as well. It seems that their traits discussed previously are “too mature” making them looked like adults. In 148 addition, there are no relatives that can take care of Dolphin and Star while their mother suffers from that “bad condition”. If they have any relatives, they might be taken care well by them and they can enjoy their childhood time without bothering becoming the adult figures for her mother. If they have a normal mother, they will become and behave like children in general, children in their age, no cooking, shopping, picking up, and doing parenting responsibility. The condition is in ones side not normal where the children have such “too mature” traits and “too extreme” role. Nevertheless, because of those external factors and complexity of life, they need to be “like that way” to survive without too man y adults‟ interference. Thus, the condition and the act become logical and acceptable. If there are some children in the real life are facing to those hard and complex conditions, they can behave, act and feel like Dolphin and Star. Therefore, by reading The Illustrated Mum, readers, especially children and young readers can be more active and critical in reading any text. They are expected to be able to see stories from different perspective and re-think the society‟s perception, logocentrism, and fixed “truth” which have spread in their life because they can be possibly not always true. By critically thinking and seeing something from another perspective, readers will not easily label and judge something or someone only from what logocentrism and society say. Children are expected to understand there are two sides of a 149 thing. Children can be bad, but they can be possibly good, too. Adults can be good as they are more experienced than children, but they can have flaws, too. Children need to understand that there is no absolute truth, especially in labeling certain thing or someone. This novel offers deconstructed form of children‟s stories, but people cannot deny that on the other side, it offers also a new way of seeing. Thus, in reading deconstructed children stories like The Illustrated Mum, children need a guide from adults because they are still in the process of learning and collecting new knowledge. That is why adults need to have a new way of reading by understanding deconstructing text for children. Adults are expected to guide them in understanding better about sensitive issues, the way children characters in the story see something, etc, as this novel is marketed worldwide for child and young readers. \ Adults in this context are parents. The parents need to certain roles when children reading stories which insert sensitive issues such as The Illustrated Mum. Parents need to be the one who give them trust and wings. They need to trust to their children to read this kind of stories, but they also need to guide them. The way they guide them is first to select the stories with good and smooth language. It means that before giving it to children, they need to read or have knowledge about the story they choose. Another way is to help them in understanding some sensitive terms and their meanings such as mental illness bipolar, dyslexia, divorce, bullying, etc. 150 Parents also need to give them “wings” in thinking and exploring one genre in children‟s literature which is realistic. Letting them reading and enjoying the realistic stories with sensitive issue is one way of trusting them. Asking what they think about a certain condition faced by one character in a story can be one example of giving them “wings”. By doing those ways, children will not have misleading perception when reading stories with sensitive issues. The last and more important is that parents will not feel worry when their children read a story with sensitive issues. 151

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

A. Conclusions

Based on the findings and the discussions, there are some conclusions related to the research focus and objectives stated in chapter I: 1. There are two unconventional images of children in Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum. The first new image is the unconventional traits of children which are dominant through the story including caring, sensitive, unselfish, responsible, and independent. The conventional images of children mostly depicted as ignorant, innocent, selfish, irresponsible, and dependent are replaced by Wilson with those new traits. The second image of children is the unconventional roles of children figures as active where children take over adult‟s roles. The new roles include role of parenting, protecting one another, and doing household responsibility. 2. There are seven ways of deconstruction found in chapter IV. The first is creating a complicated plot by highlighting the conflict. Wilson presents person against self and person against society in The Illustrated Mum. She deconstructs the image of children‟s stories which are perceived as easy and childish by giving complex conflicts experienced between the narrator and herself, also between the 152 children characters and the society. The second is using different point of view by employing first point of view. Unlike most of the conventional children‟s stories which uses third point of view and from the perspective of adults, Wilson gives a right to the narrator and other children characters to tell their perspectives about tattoo, divorce, parents, etc. The third is employing sensitive issues. Almost all conventional children‟s stories do not present taboo issues such as mental illness, tattoo, alcohol, poverty, bullying, abuse, etc. However, Wilson deconstructs the image of children‟s stories which are far from sensitive issues by presenting those sensitive issues. It is seen from the children characters that experience bullying, abuse, mental disorder, poverty, etc. The fourth is subverting adultchild image. Different from most of the conventional children‟s stories that depict adult characters as active characters, Wilson overturns the image of passive children characters by making them active and dominant. They do shopping, give advice to an adult figure, look after one another, etc. The fifth is subverting goodbad image. Almost all conventional children stories present obedient children characters as a good example of children. Although they are commanded an unwise instruction, they stay obedient by following the commands. However, Wilson subverts the image of children by presenting “not obedient” children characters that are critical. The sixth is subverting 153 malefemale child image. Wilson subverts the image of female children characters by giving independent and smart female child characters, unlike most conventional children stories that have male child characters as the independent and smart ones. The last is denying logocentrism. Wilson does not follow the mainstream of conventional children stories which depict negative images of children such as selfish, irresponsible, and dependent. She writes a story that “opposes” that pattern by presenting positive traits of children characters such as unselfish, responsible, and independent.

B. Suggestions

During the process of working on this research, the researcher finds some difficulties related to deconstruction and children‟s literature. It is quite difficult to find some previous research findings on the deconstruction on children‟s images. There are several researches discussing images of hero and female characters in some children‟s stories, but there are very few researches discussing children‟s images on the children‟s stories. The second difficulty is understanding the theory of deconstruction and how it is applied to a literary text. Therefore, the researcher needs to read and reread some books related to deconstruction and how it is applied on the children‟s stories to gain more understanding and strengthen the foundation.