Previous Research Findings LITERATURE REVIEW

62 the labor of the dominating and the colonizer one and how the changing depictions can win the ideology of the colonizer or the dominating through media. Another research is conducted by Ananda Suri Andini‟s undergraduate thesis entitled The Revelation of Deconstruction on Conventional Images: A Study of Rowling’s Children Book The Tales of Beedle Bard”. This research questions about a hero‟s conventional characteristics that are totally different from Rowling‟s hero in The Tales of Beedle Bard and how she deconstructs those conventional images through her novel. The research results on four results. The first is that the depiction of imperfect hero who is not white, mighty, and confident. Even, the images of hero in Rowling‟s The Tales of Beedle Bard are depicted as unconfident with his power, being skeptical to love and doing sadistic actions. The second is the depiction of independent female characters that are different from conventional images of woman. They are powerful, smart, cunning, brave, and leading. The third is the depiction of unconventional villain which is represented by Death, not person. The last is the depiction of gloomy atmosphere that is different from conventional images of fairy tales‟ atmosphere. Andini reveals the Rowling‟s method of deconstructing the conventional images of hero, woman, villain and atmosphere using four ways. The first is by subverting moral dichotomy, then by subverting gender dichotomy, after that employing irony and the last by employing unconventional dictions such as „gruesome‟ words. 63 Those researches have explained well in detail how the revelation of deconstructing works on race, class and opposition in binary opposition. One research has revealed how certain changes in Oompa-Loompas are not merely to remove the racial antagonism, but it is to dominate the power of White and Upper Class society. The other research has explained as well how conventional images of hero, villain, woman, have been replaced by unconventional images in a certain work. However, the researcher thinks that the issues about race and class have been discussed many times and there is still one issue that is related to adultchild opposition that has not yet discussed. This research reveals how that adultchild power relationship is not absolute. In addition, the revelation on hero, female and villain images that has been conducted is still too general, that is why Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum is studied on how it deconstructs the conventional images of, not hero, woman, or certain race, but more specifically, child. Moreover, after long research finding the previous studies talking about The Illustrated Mum, the researcher found there is not yet research such as journal or thesis doing analysis on Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum, whereas, this work is a great example of unconventional images of children. 64

E. Framework of Thinking

Figure 1: Framework of Thinking Deconstruction on the Conventional Images of Children in Jacqueline Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum Post-Structuralism Deconstruction

1. Binary Opposition

2. Logocentrism

3. Ideology

Children‟s Literature 1. Conventional Children‟s Literature 2. Unconventional Children‟s Literature 3. Conventional Images of Children Deconstruction in Literature Deconstruction in Children‟s Literature Jacqueline Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum RQ 1 What are the unconventional images of children deconstructed by Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum RQ 2 How is deconstruction presented in Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum 65

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

A. The Research Design

The design of this research had been made in order to achieve the success of this research. The main data of this research were words, phrases, clauses, sentences, as well as discourses that were taken from Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum. The data could not be measured mathematically and numerically; thus, qualitative design was used to help the researcher analyze the work. Different from quantitative research that uses deductive methods, qualitative research emphasizes on inductive methods. They are reasoning process which follows reverse path. It means that before the theory, hypothesis and interpretation, there has been an observation first. The purpose of qualitative research tends to be description than prediction as it is to understand in a deep understanding from the research participant. It means to say that the interpretation comes from the researcher herself. Qualitative research is also beneficial in focusing on the voice of the marginal. Different from quantitative research that concerns on the average, typical, as well as the trend generalized as large population, qualitative research focuses on certain people who are outside and not represented in the averages of quantitative research. 66 Feminist, marxist, gay and lesbian theory, also cultural studies focus their research on the voice of the marginal. It happens as well in the discrimination or social construction about children. There have been a lot of novels depicting how children “should be” based on Western ideology or metaphysical thinking. In addition, there are lots of children‟s books offering forms of literature which strengthen certain ideology. It is also the same with Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum since it portrays children, as one of the marginal group. Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum is famous in children‟s literature and the fact is that this novel has deconstructed the adultchild power relation. It breaks logocentrism about children as well. Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum offers a new alternative reading in children‟s book especially how it presents the unconventional images of children in post-modern era. To help analyzing and understanding the problem better, some books related to deconstruction, especially proposed by Jacques Derrida, were used to reveal new ways of reading and writing children‟s literature. In order to analyze the data taken from Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum, the researcher applied content analysis. It was gathering and analyzing the content from the text. More specifically, the researcher narrowed this research as the applying of textual analysis. As one of qualitative research way, textual analysis has identification and interpretation that come from the text itself, Wilson‟s The Illustrated Mum.