11 5. Landsat TM Land Satellite Thematic Mapper is earth resource satellite of
second generation representing completion from first satellite Landsat generation. this Satellite excellence lay in channel amount used as much 7 channel band
ranging from the visible blue to the thermal infrared. The TM Sensor also provides a higher spatial resolution; each pixel represents a 30 m by 30 m ground
area except in the case of band 6 which uses a larger 120 m by 120 m in pixel. Landsat imagery are now widely used for many applications. In this research, the
landsat image was used to obtain the land cover and land use accurately which is used in analyze the land suitability for paddy field area in Ex Mega Rice Project.
2.5 GIS in Land Suitability for Agriculture
2.5.1 Geographic Information System
Geographic Information System GIS is a computer-assisted system for the acquisition, storage, analysis and display of geographic data. It gives information
about what kind of object and where is the object placed on the earth’s surface. Therefore, GIS need input data to develop or generate the information. According
to Aronoff 1991, there are five types of data entry system commonly used in GIS; keyboard entry, coordinate geometry, manual digitizing, scanning and the
input of existing digital files. To get spatial data, it can use three methods : digitizing, scanning and importing satellite imagery. The data in GIS divided into
two types : spatial data and attribute non spatial data. The spatial data represent geographic location of features. Point, line and areas were used to represent
geographic location like a street, a lake, and a forest stand. Non spatial data provide descriptive information like name of an area, wide of an area, etc.
2.5.2 Land Suitability
One of the other factor in managing or labouring land for the agriculture is land suitability. Considering that peatland represent the fragile land, then to
exploit the peatland to the effort agriculture, then its need the research about land suitability. Land suitability are adaptability of land for the type of certain land use
crop type and crop management Hardjowigeno and Widiatmaka, 2001.
12 Land quality represent the nature or complex attribute from a land. Each
land quality have the certain performance having an effect to its suitability for certain use. According to Adhi 1988, factors influencing peat potency for the
agriculture are thickness of peat geology, composition of crop peat compiler, mount the maturity, circumstance of coat mineral substance belowunder
measurable peat existing. Land quality can be measure directly in the field, but generally specified from congeniality of land characteristic. While land
characteristic is the nature of land which can be measured, like ramp, rainfall, and land texture. Quality and Land Characteristic used in criterion according to land
suitability for paddy field can be seen on this following tables Table 1
Table 1 Land Suitability Class for Paddy Field
No Parameter Symbol Suitability Class
S1 S2 S3 N1 N2
1 Root Media
S
O ne
of the
n at
u re
ine g
ib il
it y
of N
1 Ground deepness
50-75 cm 25-50 cm
10-25 cm 10 cm
Land texture at root zone 0 – 30
cm Smooth
land texture,
covering clay sand
texture, dusty clay
and clay Rather
smooth land
texture, covering
hard texture
clay sand and dusty
hard clay Moderate
land texture,
covering clay
texture, dusty clay
and dust Rather harsh
land texture, covering clay
sand texture, clay sand
refinement and very
smooth clay sand.
Rock surface 5
5-25 25-50
50-75 2
Land fertility N
High High,
moderate High,
moderate, low, very
low High,
moderate,low, very low
3 pH
A 5,5-7,4 4,5-7,5 4-8
3,5-8,5 4
Toxicity R Alkalinity
80 80
80 100
Phyrit deepness 75-100cm
50-75cm 25-50cm
25cm 5
Slope T
3 3
3-5 5-8
6 Elevation
H 500 m
500-750 m 750-1000
m 1000m
13
No Parameter Symbol Suitability Class
S1 S2 S3 N1 N2
7 Agroclimate
Zone Oldeman C
A1,A2,B1 ,B2
A1,A2,B1, B2,B3
A1,A2,B1, B2,B3,C1,
C2,C3 A1,A2,B1,B2,
B3,C1,C2,C3, D1,D2,D3
8 Drainage
D Rather
pursue, pursue
moderate, rather
pursue, pursue
Rather fast,
good, moderate,
rather pursue,
pursue, very
pursue Fast, rather
fast, good, moderate,
rather pursue, pursue, very
pursue 9
Flood
F without
2 months and
without permanentl
y flood 1m
7 months
and without
permanen tly flood
1m 7 months
and permanently
flood 0,5-1m 10 Salinity
Mmohs X 1,5 1,5-2,5 2,5-3,5
3,5-4 11 Peat
decomposition K Saprik,
hemik Saprik,
hemik, fibrik
Saprik, hemik,
fibrik Saprik, hemik,
fibrik 12 Peat
depth G
40 cm 40-80 cm
80-130 cm
130-200cm
Source : Hardjowigeno in Hardjowigeno and Widiatmaka 2007 •
Climate There are two component of climate affected to land suitability : temperature
and rainfall. For land suitability purposed, the rainfall usually expressed in number annual rainfall, amount the dry season and wet season. Oldeman
1975 grouping region base on amount of wet and dry season succesively. Wet season having rainfall 200 mm, while the dry season have the rainfall
100 mm. This criterion more suited for food crop, especially for the paddy. Base on the criterion, Oldeman 1975 dividing agroclimate zone into
5 class A, B, C, D and E.
14 •
Ground deepness Ground effective deepness is ground deepness which is both for growth
grow on the crop, that is come up with the coat which cannot be penetrated by crop root. The coat can be in the form of the contact lithik, ledge coat
ossify the, hard ledge, brittle ledge. Ground effective deepness classified as : K0 = deep 50-75 cm
K1 = moderate 25 – 50 cm K2 = shallow 10 – 25 cm
K3 = very shallow 10 cm •
Land Texture Land texture represent the smooth ground particle composition 2 mm
diameter that is sand, dust and clay. Land texture influence the land capacities to detain the water and land permeability and also various nature
of physical and other land chemistry. •
Drainage Drainage can be classified as following :
D0 = abundant excessively drained; abundant water immediately go out from landground and landground will only detain a fewlittle water
so that crop will immediately experience of the insuffiency irrigate. D1 = good; land own the air circulation good aeration. From top to
bottom landground profile 150 uniform bold cm chromatic and there are not rustiness pock yellow, chocolate or grey
D2 = rather good; land have aeration either in root area. There are not pock of yellow, grey or brown at flake and substratum tabletop until
about 60 cm from landground surface D3 = rather bad; underside of good land; There are not pock of chromatic
yellow, grey or brown. Pock of entireall undercarriage coat about 40 cm from landground surface
15 D4 = bad; flake underside near by surface there are pock of brown, grey
and yellow. D5 = very bad; entireall coat until grey chromatic landground surface and
grey chromatic substratum land or there are blue chromatic pock, or there are water suffusing on the surface of land during old ones so
that pursue the crop growth. •
Flood danger Flood danger can be classified as following :
O0 = never been flooded land never been flooded at one year period during 24 hour
O1 = sometimes flooded happened during 24 hour and it happen unregularly in less than two month period
O3 = during 7 month in a year land have been flooded for 24 hour O4 = during 7 month land always be flooded for 24 hour
• Salinity
Land salinity expressed in dissolve salt content or resistance of electrics of landground.
• Acidity
Are determined base on grouped pH at depth 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm.
17
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
