TEACHING TECHNIQUE USED BY THE TEACHER FOR GRADE XI ENGLISH CONVERSATION AT MADRASAH ALIYAH BILINGUAL BATU
TEACHING TECHNIQUE USED BY THE TEACHER FOR
GRADE XI ENGLISH CONVERSATION AT MADRASAH
ALIYAH BILINGUAL BATU
THESIS
By:
REZZA FATWASSANI
09360097
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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TEACHING TECHNIQUE USED BY THE TEACHER FOR
GRADE XI ENGLISH CONVERSATION AT MADRASAH
ALIYAH BILINGUAL BATU
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
REZZA FATWASSANI
09360097
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
MAY 2014
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i This thesis written by Rezza Fatwassani was approved on May 12, 2014
By
Advisor II Advisor I
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ii This thesis was defended in front of examiners of the Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education on May 12, 2014
Appoved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes.
Examiners: Signatures:
1. Bayu Hendro Wicaksono, S.Pd., M.Ed., Ph.D. 1………..
2. Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed. 2………..
3. Drs. Taufiq Burhan, M.Pd. 3………..
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iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“Seorang mu’min itu jika dia melihat maka dia mengambil pelajaran, jika dia diam maka dia berfikir, jika dia bicara maka dia mengingat, jika dia diberi sesuatu maka dia bersyukur dan jika dia di coba maka dia bersabar”
“Beramallah untuk duniamu sesuai keadaan tinggalmu disana, dan beramallah untuk akhiratmu sesuai kadar kekekalanmu disana”
(Al-Hadits)
“Never give up, fix mistakes, and keep stepping”
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to: My beloved parents, My beloved sister, My teachers & lecturers,(6)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. Because of His guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis. The writer would like to thank our prophet MUHAMMAD SAW who has brought us from the darkness to the light of ISLAM.
The writer would like to express his great appreciation to many persons who have been involved in finishing this thesis. The writer thanks his first advisor, Drs. Taufiq Burhan, M.Pd, and his second advisor, Drs. Marzuki, M.Pd for their guidance, suggestion, correction and comment on this thesis. Without real understanding and strong motivation, this thesis would have never found its completion. His deepest gratitude is also extended to the headmaster of Madrasah Aliyah Batu, Drs. Farhadi, M.Si who has given him a permission to do this research.
His gratitude is expressed to his beloved father and mother who always give their praying and love to the writer. Then, to his sister (Annaya F.B) who always give attention and support. His special thank also goes to the teacher of Madrasah Aliyah Batu, Mr. Supian Syah, S.Pd who helps the writer during the research. Finally, his sincere gratitude goes to his beloved friends The “B” Bro&Sis Class, Lalu, Beni, Faiz and Ridwan who always help and motivate the writer in finishing this thesis.
Hopefully, this thesis can be useful for the readers.
Malang, May 12, 2014
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET……….... i
LEGALIZATION………. ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION………...………. iii
ABSTRACT………...………..…. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………...………….... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS………..…………... vi
I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study………...……...…. 1
1.2 Statement of Problem………...……... 4
1.3 Purpose of Study………...……... 4
1.4 Significance of Study………...………...………… 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation………...……….. 5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms………...…………. 5
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching Technique...………...………….. 7
2.2 The Conversation Theory……..………. 10
2.3 The Teaching of Conversation………... 12
2.3.1 Teaching English Conversation………...….……. 13
2.3.2 Teaching Technique in English Conversation...……… 15
2.3.2.1 Guided Conversation...………. 15
2.3.2.2 Free Conversation...……….. 16
2.3.2.3 Debate...……..……….. 16
2.3.2.4 Dialogue...……...………... 18
2.3.2.5 Storytelling...………...…..…….……. 18
2.3.2.6 Tape Recording Student Conversation……... 19
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2.3.2.8 Interview Activities………...…..…... 20
2.3.2.9 Jigsaw………...…..……... 21
2.3.2.10 Discussion………...…..…... 22
2.3.2.11 Role Play………...…..…... 25
2.3.2.12 Simulations………...…..…... 26
2.3.2.13 Games………...…..…... 27
2.4 The Problem Solving in Teaching Conversation………... 29
2.5 Bilingual School...……… 30
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design……..……….. 33
3.2 Research Subject...……..……… 33
3.3 Research Instruments………. 34
3.4 Data Collection……….. 36
3.5 Data Analysis………....………. 37
IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings………...……….... 38
4.1.1 The Teaching Techniques Used by the Teacher for Grade XI English Conversation in Class....………... 38
4.1.1.1 The Result of Interview ... 39
4.1.1.2 The Result of Observation ... 40
4.1.1.3 Analyzing Data ... 41
4.1.2 The Problems Faced by the Teacher in Using the Teaching Technique ... 42
4.1.3 The Solution of the Problems Done by the Teacher in Using the Technique in Teaching English Conversation………... 43
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viii 4.2.1 The Techniques Used by the Teacher in Teaching English
Conversation... 44
4.2.2 The Problems Faced and Solution Done by the Teacher in Teaching English Conversation... 50
V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions………... 53
5.2 Suggestions………... 54
5.2.1 For the Teacher ...………... 54
5.2.2 For the Students………... 54
5.2.3 For the Next Researcher………... 55
REFERENCES APPENDIXES
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ix
REFERENCES
Allen, H.B. and Campbell, R.N.1997. Teaching English as a Second Language. New Delhi: Tata MgGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
Ary, Donald. et al. 2010. Introduction Research in Education (8th ed). Wadsworth: Chengage Learning.
Brown, H.D. 2001. Teaching by Principle: An Interactive Approach to Language
Pedagogy.2nd ed. San Fransico, California: Longman.
Dobson, Julia M. 1997. Effective Techniques for English Conversation Group. Washington, D.C: Bureau of education and Cultural Affair-United States Information Agency
Freeman, Diane L. 2000. Techniques in Language Teaching.Oxford: Oxford University Press
Hamers, Josiane F, and Blance, Michel H. A. 2000. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. London. Cambridge University Press.
Hidayatin, Erlin P. 2007. A Study on the Learning Strategies in Bilingual Classes at
SMP Muhammadiyah 12 Gresik. Unpublished thesis. Malang: UMM.
Hodgson, Linda. 2007. Six Tips for Teaching Conversation Skills with Visual
Strategies. https://www.sandbox-learning.com/default.asp?page=105
Patel, M.E., and Jain P.M.. 2008. English Language Teaching (Methods, Tools &
Techniques). Jaipur: Sunrise Publisher and Distributor.
Pridham, Francesca. 2001. The Language of Conversation. USA and Canada: Routine Taylor and Francis Group.
Richard, J.C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Richard, J.C., and Rodgers, T.S. 1986. Approach and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Setyawan, Rony. 2004. The Techniques of Teaching English Conversation at Madrasah
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x Suryaningrum. 2013. Teaching Techniques Used by the Teacher in Second Grade of
the Bilingual Class in SMPN 1 Siliragung Banyuwangi. Unpublished thesis.
Malang: UMM.
Thonbury, Scott. 2005. How to Teach Speaking. Edinburg: Pearson Education Limited. Thonbury, Scott and Slade, Diana. 2006. Conversation: From Description to
Pedagogy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
http://www.goeswarno.blogspot.com/bamboo-dance. Accessed on December, 26 2013.
http://www.jigsaw.org/steps.html. Accessed on October, 29 2013.
http://007indien.blogspot.com/2012/06/perbedaan-prinsip-pendekatan-metode.html#i xzz2iLFXPdML, Accessed on October, 21 2013.
http://makalah07.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-effectiveness-of-debate-in.html.
Accessed on October, 28 2013.
http://www.melta.org.my/ET/1990/main8.html. Accessed on October, 26 2013. http://www.slideshare.net/hernanebuella/general-methods-and-techniques-of-teaching
. Accessed on October, 14 2013.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/32870178/Bilingual-School. Accessed on September, 14 2013.
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1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents: (1) background of study, (2) statement of problem, (3) purpose of study, (4) significance of study, (5) scope and limitation, (6) definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is a composition of words that is primarily used for communication with other people. The term language is defined as a formal system of sounds, words, and grammatical structures and as a communicative system. In its implementation, many people around countries use their mother language as the first language acquisition which is different from others. To communicate with the people who are in different language, they use the international language.
English is the most popular language used by many people around the world. Now, English is becoming the most widely used as an international language. It is useful to build international communication of society between different cultures and languages. In Indonesia for example, English study has already become necessity to the society as recollect of communication in this global era. It has already become a part of education curriculum of this country and has been taught since early as a foreign language.
One aspect which is usually done by people in learning English is conversation activity. “Conversation is the spoken exchange of thought, opinions and feeling in
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2 talk or an informal of a matter by representative of governments, institution or organizations or the ability to talk socially with other person”. Thonbury and Slade, (2006:1) states:
Conversation is a fundamental human activity and one in which most of us engage many times a day. It may take the form of small talk about the weather at the supermarket check-out, or gossip about colleagues around the office coffee machine, or an extended phone conversation with a close friend about the meaning of life.
Conversational talk crosses age groups, gender, class, culture and ethnicity. Some factor that causes conversation can be seen from where it takes places. For instance, two or more persons who bargain for price in supermarket or pupils are discussing about their study. Another, occur in common situation, such as someone want to ask about the address to people. Still another, it could occur in electronic and social media such as TV show, radio broadcast also cell phone and email.
Nowadays, conversation study has been paid attention in teaching and learning activity. As a part of speaking aspect, it helps students to be more proficient in speaking. In bilingual school for example, conversation subject is being taught in regular time allotment as a local acquisition study. The main focus in teaching conversation is how to build students’ participation to express their need and idea by speaking in English. It needs teacher’s creativity and proper technique in teaching.
In Indonesia, being able to make a conversation is one of the student’s purpose in learning English. In relation to that, the situation shows Indonesian students have to study foreign language that may affect to their difficulty in drilling conversation. While, their challenge is how to drill conversation like native naturally. Here, the common things to the students done is may speak everything they want to say in
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3 English freely. Moreover, many teachers also commonly stimulate their students to speak without preparing the students to be ready with what to speak about and how to do it. The problem is that the students may find some difficulties to adapt these ways. Laziness, afraid, shy or feels inferior can be the effect of difficulties they face.
Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu in Batu Mayoralty was established in 2010. The distinctive characteristics of this school was using English and Arabic as the instructional language while in school activities. By the policy in applying bilingual class system, automatically each students must capable in bilingual.
Actually, the success of teaching conversation does not only depend on the students but also the teacher. The teacher has to know the condition of the class. Before standing in front of the classroom, the teacher has to make preparation which is called lesson plan. The lesson plan consists of the objectives of material, method and techniques, teaching and learning activities, media and evaluation.
The previous research which supports this study is conducted by Setyawan (2004:39) about The Techniques of Teaching English Conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Lumajang. He found that the teacher used several speaking techniques in teaching conversation and the problem faced in teaching and learning activities concerned with speaking.
From the statement above, it is important for the researcher to know the teacher’s teaching technique for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu. In this study, the researcher will identify teaching technique for grade XI English conversation used by the teacher together with the problems he faced and also how to solve it.
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4
1.2 Statement of The Problems
Based on the previous statement above, the problems of the study can be formulated as follows:
1. What are the teaching techniques used by the teacher for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu?
2. What are the problems faced by the teacher in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu?
3. How does the teacher solve the problems in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu?
1.3 Purpose of Study
Based on the statement of the research problem above, this study is intended to describe:
1. Teaching techniques used by the teacher for grade XI English conversation for at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
2. Problems faced by the teacher in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation for at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
3. How the way the teacher solves the problems in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation for at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
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5
1.4 Significance of Study
Basically, the significance of this study is to enhance and encourage the readers, especially the students of English Department to concern their teaching techniques skills also as references of teaching conversation skills as a part of speaking ability in the future. Besides, it hoped to motivate the teacher to be more creative in teaching English by many teaching techniques.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study is focused to the techniques used by the teacher in teaching English Conversation, the problems encountered and solution done by the teacher in using the techniques. This research only limited to one English teacher who is teaching English Conversation in the Intermediate class of the XI (Eleventh) grade in 2013/2014 academic years.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In this research, the researcher would like to explain the definition of some words to avoid misunderstanding of the concept as follows.
- Teaching technique is implementation of teaching method which actually
takes place in the classroom. Here the writer is concerned with the teacher’s trick to conduct of the teaching learning process in the classroom which takes place at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
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6
- Conversation refers to the activity of speaking in which there are (1)
participants such as the speaker and listener; (2) content of message form; (3) setting.
- English Conversation refers to the one of special material in English subject
that is given at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu but has separated time allotment. This material also called by English Course. The activities that the students do in class are speaking practice.
- Madrasah Bilingual Batu is the name of a state senior high school under
“Religion Ministry or called as Departemen Agama (DEPAG)” which is applying bilingual system. This school is located at Jalan Pronoyudo-Junrejo, Batu Mayoralty.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents: (1) background of study, (2) statement of problem, (3) purpose of study, (4) significance of study, (5) scope and limitation, (6) definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.
1.1 Background of Study
Language is a composition of words that is primarily used for communication with other people. The term language is defined as a formal system of sounds, words, and grammatical structures and as a communicative system. In its implementation, many people around countries use their mother language as the first language acquisition which is different from others. To communicate with the people who are in different language, they use the international language.
English is the most popular language used by many people around the world. Now, English is becoming the most widely used as an international language. It is useful to build international communication of society between different cultures and languages. In Indonesia for example, English study has already become necessity to the society as recollect of communication in this global era. It has already become a part of education curriculum of this country and has been taught since early as a foreign language.
One aspect which is usually done by people in learning English is conversation activity. “Conversation is the spoken exchange of thought, opinions and feeling in
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talk or an informal of a matter by representative of governments, institution or organizations or the ability to talk socially with other person”. Thonbury and Slade, (2006:1) states:
Conversation is a fundamental human activity and one in which most of us engage many times a day. It may take the form of small talk about the weather at the supermarket check-out, or gossip about colleagues around the office coffee machine, or an extended phone conversation with a close friend about the meaning of life.
Conversational talk crosses age groups, gender, class, culture and ethnicity. Some factor that causes conversation can be seen from where it takes places. For instance, two or more persons who bargain for price in supermarket or pupils are discussing about their study. Another, occur in common situation, such as someone want to ask about the address to people. Still another, it could occur in electronic and social media such as TV show, radio broadcast also cell phone and email.
Nowadays, conversation study has been paid attention in teaching and learning activity. As a part of speaking aspect, it helps students to be more proficient in speaking. In bilingual school for example, conversation subject is being taught in regular time allotment as a local acquisition study. The main focus in teaching conversation is how to build students’ participation to express their need and idea by speaking in English. It needs teacher’s creativity and proper technique in teaching.
In Indonesia, being able to make a conversation is one of the student’s purpose in learning English. In relation to that, the situation shows Indonesian students have to study foreign language that may affect to their difficulty in drilling conversation. While, their challenge is how to drill conversation like native naturally. Here, the common things to the students done is may speak everything they want to say in
(3)
English freely. Moreover, many teachers also commonly stimulate their students to speak without preparing the students to be ready with what to speak about and how to do it. The problem is that the students may find some difficulties to adapt these ways. Laziness, afraid, shy or feels inferior can be the effect of difficulties they face.
Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu in Batu Mayoralty was established in 2010. The distinctive characteristics of this school was using English and Arabic as the instructional language while in school activities. By the policy in applying bilingual class system, automatically each students must capable in bilingual.
Actually, the success of teaching conversation does not only depend on the students but also the teacher. The teacher has to know the condition of the class. Before standing in front of the classroom, the teacher has to make preparation which is called lesson plan. The lesson plan consists of the objectives of material, method and techniques, teaching and learning activities, media and evaluation.
The previous research which supports this study is conducted by Setyawan (2004:39) about The Techniques of Teaching English Conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Lumajang. He found that the teacher used several speaking techniques in teaching conversation and the problem faced in teaching and learning activities concerned with speaking.
From the statement above, it is important for the researcher to know the teacher’s teaching technique for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu. In this study, the researcher will identify teaching technique for grade XI English conversation used by the teacher together with the problems he faced and also how to solve it.
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1.2 Statement of The Problems
Based on the previous statement above, the problems of the study can be formulated as follows:
1. What are the teaching techniques used by the teacher for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu?
2. What are the problems faced by the teacher in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu?
3. How does the teacher solve the problems in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu?
1.3 Purpose of Study
Based on the statement of the research problem above, this study is intended to describe:
1. Teaching techniques used by the teacher for grade XI English conversation for at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
2. Problems faced by the teacher in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation for at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
3. How the way the teacher solves the problems in using the teaching techniques for grade XI English conversation for at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
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1.4 Significance of Study
Basically, the significance of this study is to enhance and encourage the readers, especially the students of English Department to concern their teaching techniques skills also as references of teaching conversation skills as a part of speaking ability in the future. Besides, it hoped to motivate the teacher to be more creative in teaching English by many teaching techniques.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study is focused to the techniques used by the teacher in teaching English Conversation, the problems encountered and solution done by the teacher in using the techniques. This research only limited to one English teacher who is teaching English Conversation in the Intermediate class of the XI (Eleventh) grade in 2013/2014 academic years.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
In this research, the researcher would like to explain the definition of some words to avoid misunderstanding of the concept as follows.
- Teaching technique is implementation of teaching method which actually takes place in the classroom. Here the writer is concerned with the teacher’s trick to conduct of the teaching learning process in the classroom which takes place at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu.
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- Conversation refers to the activity of speaking in which there are (1) participants such as the speaker and listener; (2) content of message form; (3) setting.
- English Conversation refers to the one of special material in English subject that is given at Madrasah Aliyah Bilingual Batu but has separated time allotment. This material also called by English Course. The activities that the students do in class are speaking practice.
- Madrasah Bilingual Batu is the name of a state senior high school under “Religion Ministry or called as Departemen Agama (DEPAG)” which is applying bilingual system. This school is located at Jalan Pronoyudo-Junrejo, Batu Mayoralty.