D. Data Collecting Techniques
In qualitative research, the researcher himself acts as the major instrument Moleong, 2002. The researcher of this study designs several steps as
follows: 1.
Downloading the soft files or copies of the six English textbooks published by Pusat Perbukuan Departemen pendidikan Nasional
from the internet specifically from the website addressed in http:bse.mahoni.com.
2. Reading dialogues where requests take place, including those aimed
to be listening materials and speaking materials, very comprehensively.
3. Selecting the data
4. Classifying the data
5. Transferring data into tables.
6. Analyzing and interpreting the data.
E. Data Analysis Techniques
In analyzing the data, the researcher uses both the quantitative technique and the qualitative technique. The quantitative technique is used to count
the number of types of request strategies and contextual information in the dialogues in the textbooks. Moreover, the qualitative technique is used to describe
and interpret the findings.
The data analysis of this study employs the deductive concept. Saldana 2011:93 defines deduction as
“What we generally draw and conclude from established facts and evidence”. Thus, studies employing the deductive concept are
studies using already developed theoriesclassificationscoding schemes for coding the data. In accordance with that, in analyzing the data, this study uses a modified
taxonomy derived from a combination of two taxonomies i.e. taken from Blum Kulka, House, and Kasper 1989 and from Soler, Jorda and Flor 2005 for codding
the request strategies and a taxonomy suggested by Brown and Levinson 1987 for
codding the contextual information. The researcher follows the style of analyzing data in qualitative
reserach proposed by Wolcott 1994, in Saldana, 2011 who identifies three dimensions of qualitative research: description, analysis, and interpretation.
Description , in this section, the discussion is mainly focused on the
data themselves to present what is really there as the result of observation in order to answer the question: “What is going on here?” For this study, in this stage, the
data, which are in the form of dialogues with their information if available, are shown.
Analysis , this section discusses further than that of description by
identifying the key factors and explaining how things there really work. This stage is mainly focused on depicting and explaining the request strategies, specifically
the peripheral modifications, and the contextual information existing in the dialogues.
Interpretation ¸ this is the last section where the researcher attempts to
figure out some particular meaning after identifying certain key factors existing in the data. For this stage, it is the researcher’s interpretation area after the analysis of
the request strategies and the contextual information has been carried out in the analysis stage. In this stage, the researcher seems to make conclusions of what has
been discussed in the analysis stage.
F. Trustworthiness
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