“activity” because this study employed activities both for learning and non- learning.
a. Self instruction activities
Self- instruction activities mean students‟ conscious effort to seek out
resources of language activities, without intervention from the teachers of English. Such activities include studying grammar books or doing vocabulary exercises in
textbooks. In this study, the researcher chose activities in larger scope, namely reading student books, reading novels, and writing diaries. This efforts to master
a particular language skill may also involve studying English in the classroom. However, this study focusses more on those activities employed outside the class.
According to Benson 2011, activities that fall into self-instruction may also be viewed as occupying various positions in a continuum. On one extreme end, there
is an episodic, short-term learning. On the other extreme end of a continuum, there is an autonomous learning, which is a stronger sense of self-instruction that
involves long-term self-initiated learning. In order to identify self-instruction activities conducted by the students, a questionnaire about how frequent they
engage themselves in the activities in reading student books, reading novels, and writing diaries will be used.
However, according to Little 1989 self-instruction rarely work wholly on their own. The process of learning both in part or all may involve guidance
from a language-learning advisor or helper a person advising on goal-setting, materials selection. When learners are learning a language on their own, but
within a framework of institutional support, this may be called as „supported self-
instruction”.
This study focuses also on the second term, namely, supported self- instruction because the students as respondents involve the teachers when they do
the activities outside the class.
b. Naturalistic activities
These are involuntary activities where students engage in social activities by interacting with others in English such as conversing with native speakers on
the street. Naturalistic activity is normally used to refer to a language activity where students have a direct communication with users of the target language. In
this study, naturalistic limits its scope to activities that involve direct communication with either native or non-native speakers as the opportunities to
do these activities. A questionnaire was used to investigate how often students speak with friends, and speak with family or native speaker.
c. Self-directed activities
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