E. Data Analysis
1. Questionnaire
The data gathered in this study which was in the form of the questionnaire and the closed-ended questions were analyzed. In this study, in order to know how
many students engaged in particular kinds of out-of-class language activities, and how frequent they did it, the researchers summed all the responses. In other
words, all the responses are counted by summing the number of responses. Then the analysis is explained in the form of the paragraph.
Meanwhile, in order to investigate the mean or average score of the frequency of out-of-class language activities, the following formula was used:
̅ ∑
∑ ∑ fx: total of respondents who choose the same degree of frequency in each
statement ∑ n: total of all respondents
In order to operationalize this concept, this study used two kinds of measurement: frequency and classification. To gauge the frequency, a 5-point
Likert scale is employed 5 =very often‟, „4=often‟, „3=sometimes‟, „2=rarely‟,
„1=never‟ in the questionnaire – please refer to Table 3.1 on page 29. As for the classification, this study adapts Benson
‟s 2011 theoretical framework which groups out-of-class language activities into three broad kinds self-instruction
activities, naturalistic activities, and self-directed naturalistic activities. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Data analysis results from the questionnaires were first converted into numbers and presented into tables in Microsoft Excel. The mean scores for each
activity were calculated in order to gain a preliminary data of frequency of students
‟ out-of-class language activities. After that, the data were analyzed by classifying the activities based on Benson‟s kinds of language activities.
2. Interview
The data gathered through interview were analyzed by comparing and contrasting to the theories mentioned in the previous section. For analysing the
interview data, a content analysis method were used. In the analysis process, the interviewee‟s responses to each question were firstly translated into English and
then transcribed. After that, the responses were analyzed in terms of themes related to the study objectives.
The last steps in analyzing the data were summarizing the results of the questionnaire and the results of the interview. Thus, the writer had the descriptive
conclusion according to the data that had been analyzed.
F. Research Procedure
Kategori