181
+,,-.
Figure 14.4.
Location of the plantation of the participants in T village. Point and line data source: GPS ground survey,
Source: Topographic map, scale 1:50,000 by the National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional, BAKOSURTANAL Indonesia.
3.2. Ownership of the planted trees and certainty of future harvest
Tree planting activities need long time till harvest. So, clear benefits to the participants should be introduced, and announced to them before and during the tree planting activities. This Social Forestry Model Area
Development Activities program ensured clear ownership of the planted trees to the participants. So, each participant agreed the scheme of the program and participated in the tree planting activities with the
motivations, shown in Table 14.1. So, it is reasonable that the motivations that “For environmental concern” was only 7. Neverethless, it is
interesting that the motivations that “Followed the other group members” ranked second 28.
Table 14.1.
Motivation for participating in Social Forestry Model Area Development Activities. Motivation for Participation
Percentage 1
Future harvest of timber and fruits 66
2 Followed the other group members
28 3
Aimed at utilizing their own fallow land 17
4 Grants and subsidies from the government
14 5
For environmental concern 7
Note: Twenty-nine respondents, multiple answers
182
3.3. Organizational matter
Without a good organization of participants, governmental supports may not be implemented. From the provision of BRLKT, participant of the Social Forestry Model Area Development Activities should belong to
a farmers group. Despite the fact that there were 6 farmer groups in the T village, only one farmer group “AM”, those
members were mostly belong to RT2, was selected as an implementer of the Social Forestry Model Area Development Activities. Other 5 farmer groups did not selected. This is due to the fact that AM was
well-organized than others Figure 14.5 and AM has over past years of experience of receiving governmental grants. In addition, one of the members in AM had trustful relationship with the officers in
BRLKT.
Figure 14.5.
Meeting of the farmer group “AM” in T village.
3.4. Factors to participate in tree planting activities comparing the households in RT2, Heads and Other RTs
Seventy-five percient of the 37 households in RT2 and 3 Heads from Other RTs participated in the Social Forestry Model Area Development Activities. On the otherhands, the sample 37 households in Other RTs,
even if some of them were upper-income earner, none of them 0 participated in the tree planting activities Table 14.2.
183
Table 14.2.
Classification of households by their annual income and their participation to the tree planting activities.
Class Number of households
Participation in tree planting program RT2
Total RT2
Total Others
Heads Others
A 10.0 up
7 2
8 17
6 86 2 100
0 0 8
B 5.0 - 10.0
11 1
13 25
8 73 1 100
0 0 9
C 2.5 - 5.0
12 8
20 9 75
0 0 9
D 0.0 - 2.5
7 8
15 3 43
0 0 3
Total 37
3 37
77 26 70
3 100 0 0
29 Annual income
of households Rp.
1,000,000
Heads Other RTs
Other RTs
Note: RT2: neighborhood association No.2, Heads: Head, the Sub Head and the Receiver of the village Others: 37 households were random sampled from remained 210 households
Comparing the average of annual income, it was not significantly different between RT2 and Other RTs except the Heads Figure 14.6. This means that financial availability of the households is no more important
factor than organizational matter as mentioned above to participate in the tree planting activities.
+ ,-.
01 2221
2223
2 4
02 04
52 54
62 64
72
-85 9+:;
=+?-8; .?;
8+ABC?+?’; 9DEB=+;=224
F.? D=:+=’;=B=+;=
224
a b
a
+ ,-.
01 2221
2223
2 4
02 04
52 54
62 64
72
-85 9+:;
=+?-8; .?;
8+ABC?+?’; 9DEB=+;=224
F.? D=:+=’;=B=+;=
224
a b
a
Figure 14.6.
Annual income distribution among households in RT2, Heads and Other RTs. a, b: P 0.05 HSD-test and t-test. Red box means lower and upper quartile. Blue bars mean SD.
Comparing the average of owned land area, it was not significantly different between RT2 and Other RTs except the Heads Figure 14.7. This means that available land of the households is no more important factor
than organizational matter as mentioned above to participate in the tree planting activities.
184
+ ,
- .
1 2
3 4
5 6
.-
78 9:
;+78: =:
8?ABCD’: 9EFB;:;-G-2
HI+= E;?;’:;B;:;
-G-2
a a
b
+ ,
- .
1 2
3 4
5 6
.-
78 9:
;+78: =:
8?ABCD’: 9EFB;:;-G-2
HI+= E;?;’:;B;:;
-G-2
a a
b
Figure 14.7.
Owned land area distribution among households in RT2, Heads and Other RTs. a, b: P 0.05 HSD-test and t-test. Red box means lower and upper quartile. Blue bars mean SD.
3.5. Factors to participate in tree planting activities within the households in RT2
