184
+ ,
- .
1 2
3 4
5 6
.-
78 9:
;+78: =:
8?ABCD’: 9EFB;:;-G-2
HI+= E;?;’:;B;:;
-G-2
a a
b
+ ,
- .
1 2
3 4
5 6
.-
78 9:
;+78: =:
8?ABCD’: 9EFB;:;-G-2
HI+= E;?;’:;B;:;
-G-2
a a
b
Figure 14.7.
Owned land area distribution among households in RT2, Heads and Other RTs. a, b: P 0.05 HSD-test and t-test. Red box means lower and upper quartile. Blue bars mean SD.
3.5. Factors to participate in tree planting activities within the households in RT2
Within RT2, 70 of the households participated in the tree planting activities. On the other hands, 30 did not. All the participants belong to the farmer group AM. On the other hands, all of the non-participants did
not. Comparing the average of annual income, the participants earned higher annual-inocome than the
non-participants but not significantly Figure 14.8. This means that financial availability of the households is not so much important factor to belong to the farmer group AM and participate in the tree planting activities.
+,-.-, 0+,-.-,
1 2
34 -.
5 64
78 9:
: ;
1334-+ 2=6?+56+’
AB,6,49 C.D4-+
A,2E6,’4,,6, 9
a a
+,-.-, 0+,-.-,
1 2
34 -.
5 64
78 9:
: ;
1334-+ 2=6?+56+’
AB,6,49 C.D4-+
A,2E6,’4,,6, 9
a a
Figure 14.8.
Annual income distribution between participants and non-participants. a: P 0.05 HSD-test and t-test. Red box means lower and upper quartile. Blue bars mean SD.
Comparing the average of owned land area, the participants had significantly higher land area than the non-participants Figure 14.9. This means that owned land area of the households is crucial factor to belong
185
to the farmer group AM and participate in the tree planting activities. Of course land availability was a key for participating in the Social Forestry Model Area Development Activities. From the provision of BRLKT,
participant of the activities should prepare enough lands for tree plantation with land-ownership certificate.
+ ,
- .
1 2
3 4
5 6
789:;=:; ?;=:;
AA: BCDE9FG’
HIJ9;;-K-2 L=+:
I;C;’;9;; -K-2
a b
+ ,
- .
1 2
3 4
5 6
789:;=:; ?;=:;
AA: BCDE9FG’
HIJ9;;-K-2 L=+:
I;C;’;9;; -K-2
a b
Figure 14.9.
Owned land area distribution between participants and non-participants. a, b: P 0.05 HSD-test and t-test. Red box means lower and upper quartile. Blue bars mean SD.
Comparing the owned land area between participants and non-participants within RT2, minimum 1.75 ha of owned land area was crucial for participating in the tree planting activities Figure 14.10. As an exception,
only one household A who had enough lands did not participate in the Social Forestry Model Area Development Activities. It may due to the fact that she owned a chicken farm and earned upper-income so
she did not have interests on the income from the tree planting activities. On the other hands, two households B and C who did not have enough lands could participate in the tree planting activities. It was because that
they could borrow lands from their relatives.
+,-.012-023.20405206
7 --82
10 9-:;
.0 40
= ?
6
A23B9:92-BC D;-023B9:92-BC
A
C B
+,-.012-023.20405206
7 --82
10 9-:;
.0 40
= ?
6
A23B9:92-BC D;-023B9:92-BC
A
C B
Figure 14.10.
Relationship between owned land area and annual income of each household in neighborhood association No.2 RT2 and participation to the tree planting activities.
186
In depth analysis of the characteristics of the 11 non-participants of RT2 are: 3 are old households; 2 are widows; 2 are wives whose husbands work away from home, 2 women are chicken farmers, one is daily
worker and the last one is a wife whose husbands are sick. They did not have enough lands for tree plantation and also did not have man-power to participating tree planting activities. They, therefore, did not belong to
the farmer group AM and did not participate in the tree planting activities. Participatory plantation programs from the government, NGOs or another institutions should not enforce
them to participate in the timber tree planting activities. They, relatively poor and the most vulnerable segments of community should be considered in the aspects of supporting their livelihoods.
3.6. Planting and tending methods
