occur even though the learner’s attention is not directed toward vocabulary learning. Krashen 1981 in Nation 1990:2 calls this the input theory of language
learning. Therefore, the present study focuses on learning vocabulary through context
clues, and direct vocabulary learning in teaching vocabulary. Since logico and crossword puzzle are two examples of both learning vocabulary through activity
and direct vocabulary learning.
2.6 Concept of Media
In order to keep teaching- learning process running more effectively and
efficiently, the teacher often uses media. It is expected that she can transfer her instructional materials easily. The use o
f media can arouse students’ motivation and desires to know about the subject being discussed. So it can help the teacher
to reach instructional aims. According to Gagne 1994 in Soekartawi 1995 media is a learning source to
motivate the students to learn. Meanwhile Sulaiman 1981 says that media are all of important learning instruments used by the teachers in the classroom or in other
learning conditions. Media is a learning instrument used by the teacher in teaching and learning process in the classroom. The use of media is important to arouse the
intrinsic motivations of the school learners. Media are instruments that can be used by the teachers in an effort to set up a
more conducive learning condition for the sake of reaching the goals planned before. To make use of such media, the teachers can create more interactive
classroom condition. Such a condition provides a great opportunity for two sides, teacher and student’s interaction each other, or sharing one another among the
students themselves. Media is used to ease the description of any written and spoken words. Here, the
media are used to make any spoken and written words easier to learn, so that the learners are able to reach the meaning easily. This shows the importance of media
in an effort of learning words. Furthermore, according to Soekartawi 1995, media consist of any kinds of
learning utensils such as books, pictures, chats or electronic device and the like usually used to transfer instructional contents from the written information to the
learners. It means that media is a potential bridge flowing cognitive information from instructional materials to the learners. This shows the importance of media in
an effort to transferring the instructional contents to achieve the instructional purposes which teacher or instructor has already planned before.
Media also makes the students able to understand the instructional material.
Media are very useful if they are: 1.
Easy to use 2.
Suitable and relevant to the material given 3.
Essential and necessary 4.
Saving in effort and time. In order to get better result, the teacher should prepare the media, which comply
with sufficient criteria, instead of being relevant to the given assignment, and deal with the point directly, the media must be prepared well.
Media are usually provided to the student by means of teaching aids used during teaching and learning process. Further Soekartawi 1996:73 states that the
advantages of media are as follows: 1.
To provides any different types of learning condition, so that it does not make the learners bored.
2. To provide more systematic learning order, so that the teacher can present the
learning materials. 3.
To reinforce the learner’s cognition in the learning contents. The above statements show the importance of the use of media in learning process
for both teachers and learners. Not only the teachers can transfer the subject contents efficiently, but also make their students understand them easily.
2.7 Concept of Visual Media
