Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

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B. Review Related Theories

1. Theory of Song

A piece of music is a continuous progress of harmony and melody for a duration. Those elements usually develop within a section of the song, before turning to the very end of the section. The basic knowledge about song is that song has 4 basic section which are verses, choruses, bridges, and other structural devices. The structure of a song is a way a sections arranged by the author and usually it comes with repetition to create a good artwork http:www.howmusicworks.org910Writing-SongsSong-Structure. A proper song structure will be creating musical experience for the listener.

2. Semantics

Semantics is a study of meaning. This study is focusing on sign and signifier as the mark of what meaning that they stand for. According to Palmer semantics is a study of linguistics that has a focus on the meaning of word, phrases, and sentences. Meaning of a phrase, sentence or word is not only determined by dictionary. It can be determined by the aspect like how they are formed. In the study of semantics, there is a scope called naming Palmer, 1967: 17. Naming is a process of giving a name or labeling an object. This process usually happens when children learn a language in their earlier age.

a. Lexical Semantics

In a simple way, lexical semantics is a study based on dictionary. Lexical semantics is one of semantics terms that focuses on literal meaning of sentences, phrase and words. Lexical meaning is simply taking dictionary as the ‘real’ meaning PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 10 of the word, sentence, or phrase without include any influence of any context. For example, the word red. Based on Longman dictionary, red means ‘having the color of blood’, but if red is being used in another context it would have different meaning. Saussure explains about how meaning is being analyzed by signifier and signified Palmer 1976: 24. Signifier is the word that our brain says and known daily and signified is what the word stands for. Here are the table to show how meaning will be analyzed in this study:

b. Figurative Language

Figurative language can be found in literature, poetry, and songs. Where the writing entreaties to the minds. It can do this by gives a word or phrase an exact meaning that may be different from the literal meaning or definition. Sometimes figurative language compares two things in a way that someone finds the comparison interesting and descriptive. There are so many kinds of figurative language such as metaphor, personification and idiom.

i. Metaphor

According to Bradford metaphor is the comparison of two things without using the words “like” or “as”. According to Christopher, metaphor is figure of speech that is comparing one thing to another directly. In another words, metaphor Lexical Semantic Signifier  word Signified  representative image of the word 11 is words that establish an analogy between objects without actually saying. However, it directly suggests comparison of two things by creating as equation. The use of metaphor in a song is to explain and elucidate emotion, feelings, and relationship between other elements that probably cannot be explained directly in usual language. Metaphor is when a word has two meaning; literal meaning and ‘transferred’ meaning Palmer 1976: 103. Here are the analysis of metaphor. Metaphor Literal meaning transferred meaning For example, red, in literal meaning is a word to describe a color. When someone mentions the word red, people will know exactly what it is in mind. If red is mentioned in another term like in a song, it will have different meaning. Red probably will have ‘transferred’ meaning. For example ‘…but loving him was red’ Taylor Swift – Red. Red in here has a different meaning, red in this sentence has transferred meaning because the writer uses ‘red’ to compare something. Red in this context has meaning as the description of loving someone. “…but loving him was red ” this lyric means, loving him was so intense and usually the emotion of ‘intense’ is symbolized with red. Red Color emotion of ‘intense’