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E. Definition of Terms
In order to obtain a better understanding and to avoid misinterpretation, the writer defines some important terms that are used in the study.
1. Influence
The word ‘influence’ according to Oxford advanced Learner’s Dictionary 2007: 825 is “the power to affect somebody’s actions, character or beliefs
especially by providing an example for them to follow, winning their admiration or making them afraid to disagree”. In this study, it is the power of
the cultural backgrounds that can give several effects to one’s relationship with others.
2. Culture
Pikunas 1969: 72 states that the word ‘culture’ refers to “the total patterns of people’s way of life seen in terms of artifacts and achievements distinguishing
large but similar societies.” Briefly, culture is someone’s way of living in a society.
3. Relationship
According to Webster New World Dictionary 1975: 630, the word ‘relationship’ has two meanings: “the state or an instance of being related” and
“the connection by blood or marriage; kinship”. In this study, the relationship between mother and daughter is focused then it means their connection as a
mother and a daughter whom are connected by blood. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter consists of four parts. The first part is a review of literary theories that consists of the theory of critical approaches, while the second one is
the review of related principles such as the theories of culture and the theories of mother-children relationship. The theories of culture are divided into two parts,
namely the definition of culture and the culture’s influence on someone’s behavior, while the theories of mother-children relationship are divided into two
sections, namely the definition and the importance of mother-children relationship. The third part is the review on cultural background which consists of
the separate reviews on Chinese and American cultures, whereas the last part is the theoretical framework which explains the contribution of the theories above in
solving the problems of this study.
A. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Critical Approaches
Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 6-15 affirm that there are five approaches which can be used to analyze a novel. They are:
a. The Formalist Approach
The work is an abstraction. This approach focuses on the techniques and structure that the author uses in his work. This approach concentrates almost
entirely on its esthetic value. It concerns with demonstrating the harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is
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