A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QU'RAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
THESIS
by:
ACHMAD FATONI SETIAWAN
201110100311272
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirement to achieve Sarjana Degree
in English Education
by:
ACHMAD FATONI SETIAWAN
201110100311272
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
EVERYTHING WILL BE OKAY IN THE END, IF IT IS NOT OKAY, IT IS
NOT THE END.
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
The writer’s deepest love and beloved parent
(Abdul Salam and Susianah Tri Peni)
Thanks for your love, financial and spirit, never ending support, and pray.
The writer’s beloved brothers
(Fandi Achmad and Febri Wahyu Tanoto)
Thanks for all advices and spirit
The writer’s beloved best friend
(Yuli Pradana)
Thanks you for your suggestions, inspiration and advices
The writer’s good friends
(The students of E and F class English Department 2011)
(Thanks for your shared memories, your laughs, your support, your love,
your soul conveying the writer into life-maturity)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
Abstract
In this era, translation skill is needed to develop the international
communication. Translation is transferring idea from source language into target
language. In translating the text, we need to use the correct translation procedures for
maintaining the original purpose of source language. There are many translation
procedures; one of which is modulation which emphasizes on changing point of view to
express the same phenomenon in different way.
The aim of this study was investigating modulation in surah Al-Anfal in Quran
Virtual in University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website from Bahasa into English.
The reason behind choosing Surah Al-Anfal is because of the fact that the meaning of
this surah is spoils of war. There will be some difficult terms about war. Here, the role
of modulation is needed to convey the same idea of source language into target
language. Qualitative method was employed in collecting data. The data of this research
are taken from Quran Virtual in University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website.
The result of the analysis showed that there are 31 modulations under
investigation, 29 of which are free modulation and the rest are fixed modulation. Free
modulation becomes the most dominant one in translating surah Al-Anfal. It is as a
matter of fact that free modulation only offers a solution in translating the meaning.
Solution here means a unique solution which rests upon a habitual train of thought. It
occurs when the results of translation in target text sounds awkward despite it is being
grammatically correct. In free modulation, the translator uses his/her sense to translate
the text. Furthermore, the translator is also allowed to transform the meaning as long as
it does not change the original purpose. While in fixed modulation, the translator must
have good knowledge in terms of frequency of use, the overall acceptance in target text
context. In addition, in fixed modulation, the culture of source language and target
language should be concerned by the translator. Culture here means language structure.
By understanding the culture, the translator has an ability to convey the idea or the
meaning of source language into target language.
Keywords
: translation strategy, modulation, surah Al-Anfal
Advisor 1
Riski Lestiono, M.A.
The Writer
Achmad Fatoni Setiawan
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All the praise to Allah SWT the Lord of universe, for the health and strength to
finish this thesis. Peace and blessing be upon the most honorable Messenger and his
followers, the prophet Muhammad SAW, the greatest man who changes the world from
the darkness to the lightness.
The writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to his lovely parents, Mr.
Abdul Salam and Mrs. Susianah Tri Peni, for their motivations, supports, prayers, full
finance during his study and the process of finishing this study and all contribution in
the writer’s life lovingly.
This study also could not be completed without a great deal of help from many
people, especially Mr. Riski Lestiono, M.A and Mr. Dian Arsitades W., M.Pd, as the
writer’s thesis advisors, whose every guidance, support, patience, and encouragement
from the first to the final level enable the writer to understand the subject. May Allah
bless, protect them and their family.
The deepest gratitude goes to those who helped the writer to finish this study:
1. All the writer’s lecturers in English Department who have taught the writers
many things from the first semester until the end of the semester.
2. The writer’s beloved brothers and best friend, Fandi Achmad, Febri Wahyu
Tanoto and Yuli Pradana for supports, love and motivations.
3. The writer’s friends, the students of E and F class 2011 and Translation class,
for their shared memories, their laughs, their support, their love, their soul
conveying the writer into life-maturity.
Malang, September 02, 2015
Achmad Fatoni Setiawan
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... i
LEGALIZATION .................................................................................................. ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ iii
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ...................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of Problem ............................................................................. 5
1.3 Purpose of Study ................................................................................... 5
1.4 Significance of the Study ..................................................................... 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................ 6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation .............................................................................................. 8
2.2 Principles of Translation ......................................................................... 9
2.3 Function of Translation ......................................................................... 10
2.4 Process of Translation ........................................................................... 11
2.5 Translation Procedures .......................................................................... 13
2.5.1 Direct Translation ........................................................................ 13
1. Borrowing ............................................................................... 14
2. Calque ..................................................................................... 15
3. Literal Translation................................................................... 16
2.5.2 Oblique Translation ..................................................................... 17
1. Transposition .......................................................................... 17
2. Modulation .............................................................................. 18
3. Equivalence ............................................................................. 19
4. Adaptation ............................................................................... 20
2.6 Holy Quran ............................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Design .................................................................................... 24
3.2 Object of the Study ............................................................................... 25
3.3 Research Instrument .............................................................................. 26
3.4 Data Collection ..................................................................................... 27
3.5 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 27
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Finding ......................................................................................
4.1.1 Free Modulation ........................................................................... 29
4.1.2 Fixed Modulation ......................................................................... 32
4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 39
5.2 Suggestions ........................................................................................... 40
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 42
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX I DATA CODING .......................................................................... 43
APPENDIX II.......................................................................................................48
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, Jacobs, Lucy Cheser and Razavier, Asghar. 2010. Introdution to Research
in Education. (8th). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Chomsky, Noam. 2002. Language and Mind 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press.
New York
Creswell, John W. 2011. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating
Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Boston: Person.
Duff, Alan. 2010. Translation. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Fatoohi, Louay. 2005. History Testifies to the Infallibility of the Quran. New Delhi:
Adam Publisher
Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Application 2nd
ed. New York: Routledge.
Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translations. New York: Prentice Hall
International (UK) Ltd.
Nida, Eugene A and Charles R.Taber. 1981. The Theory and Practice of Translation.
Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Ordurari, Mahmoud. Good Translation: Art, Craft, or Science?. Retrieved December
20, 2012, from: http://www.bokorlang.com/journal/43theory.htm
Powell, Russel. Symbaluk, Honey. 2009. Introduction to Learning and Behavior (3rd
edition). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Qadhi, Yasir. 2008. AlMaghrib Quranic Scinces Route 114. University of Toronto.
Rochmadie, Sabrony & Suryawinata. 1988. Materi pokok: Tranlsation. Jakarta:
Penerbit Karunia.
Suryawinata, Zuchridin & Sugeng Hariyanto. 2003. Translation: Bahasa Teori dan
Penentu Praktis Menterjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Vinay, Jean-Paul and Jean Darbelnet. 2004. Comparative Stylistic of French and
English: A Methodology for Translation Translated by Juan C. Sager and M.
Hamel. Amsterdam and Philadelpia: John Benjamins.
Wahyuni, Sari. 2012. Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice. Jakarta:
Salemba Empat.
Wilkonson, David and Birmingham, Peter. 2003. Using Research Instruments: A Guide
for Researcher. London: Routledge Falmer.
Wiratno. Tri. 2003. Mencerna Buku Teks Bahasa Inggris Melalui Pemahaman
Gramatika. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses background of the study, statement of the problem,
purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
English becomes the international language which is used by many people
in the world to communicate, transfer knowledge and also information. Talking
about English, it is related to four English language skills which are reading,
speaking, listening, and writing. According to Chomsky (2002), “Language is
point of view of the human mind that is significantly represented in the brain and
part of the biological contribution of the species” (p.1).
Language is object of translation. Without language, translation cannot be
applied. Translation is an attempt to restate idea from one language into another
language. It is also known that there are a lot of texts and books written in
English. For those who do not understand English, both oral and written
communication can be done by the helps of translation. According to Cowie
(2007), “translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a
relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or
demanded function of the target text”. The use of the the correct translation
procedure is needed in translating the source text for mantaining an original
purpose.
1
2
Translation procedure is different from translation method. Translation
methods are related to the complete texts, whereas translation procedures are
applied for word, phrase, clause, and sentence (Newmark (1988, p.81). According
to Cowie (2007) the types of translation procedures are: (1) Transliteration:
rendering the letters on alphabet into the letters of another with a different
alphabetical system; (2) Borrowing: procedure often used when the TL has no
equivalent for the source text; (3) Literal: it presupposes a kind of interlingual
synonym; (4) Transposition: it involves replacing a grammatical structure in the
source text with one of a different type in the target text; (5) Modulation: it entails
a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of view; and (6) Adaptation: it
involves modifying the concept, or using a situation analogous to the source text
situation though not identical to it. However, translators must study the whole text
at first to understand the whole text.
There are many translation procedures, one of them is modulation which
emphasizes on changing point of view to express the same phenomenon in a
different way (Hardin and Picot 1990, p.81). Modulation is as a procedure of
translation occurs when there is a change of perspective accompanied with a
lexical change in the target text (Vinay and Darbelnet, 1997: 11). It will be
clarified with an example as follows:
Source text
: Jariku terpotong.
Target text
: I cut my finger.
From that sentence if there is no modulation, the meaning will be “aku memotong
jariku sendiri”. If it is translated literally, it seems that the speaker cuts his finger
intentionally while the purpose of the speaker is just informing that his finger is
3
not in a good condition. Modulation usually occurs in translating book, novel,
journal, essay, folkfore, etc. In this study, the focus was directed to Holy Quran as
object of study because of the fact that most people in Indonesia are Muslim. For
every Muslim, the importance of Quran cannot be denied. The Holy Quran guides
the Muslims how to pray and please Allah. None of the Muslims can lead his life
without the Holy book. As stated by Allah “We have revealed to you the book
which clarifies every matter.” The Muslims need to translate the Holy Quran of
the desire to resist missionary effort. This is obvious as the need for translating the
Holy Quran arose in those historic circumstances when a large number of nonArabic speaking people had embraced Islam. That is why translated version of
Holy Quran is important to be researched.
Holy Quran is the Arabic speech of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad (ه ص لى
) س لم و ع ل يهboth in word and in meaning. It was truly
believed by the believers and they acknowledged the words of Allah as the truth
(Qadhi, 2008).
There are some studies related to modulation. One of them was conducted
by Prasetyo (2011) from Institute of Art Indonesia which is entitled “An Analysis
on Transposition and Modulation in the Culture Theory Book Translated into
Buku Teori Budaya”. Actually, modulation is one of the translation procedures. It
entails a change in lexical elements and a shift in the point of view. In addition,
the sentence “Time is money” is translated into “Waktu itu sangat berharga”
(time is priceless), not “Waktu adalah uang” (time is money).
4
Another previous study was conducted by Susilawati (2010) which is
entitled “An Analysis on Transposition and Modulation in Translation of
Guidance in Using Oriflame Products”. This research focuses on the forms of
transposition and modulation. The result shows that the forms of transposition and
modulation used by the translators impact on translation quality. The transposition
techniques are applied around 64% and modulation is 62.8%. However, there are
some errors that make the message cannot be delivered. It causes
misunderstanding for some readers to use the products. A translator is better to
conceive the products and how to use it first, so the readers are able to use
Oriflame products appropriately.
Based on several previous studies above, modulation is trully important in
translating some data in terms of book, journal, essay, etc. Realizing that, the
reasercher conducted a research which is entitled “A Study on Modulation in
Translating Surah An-Anfal in Quran Virtual of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang Website from Bahasa into English.”. The meaning of Surah Al-Anfal is
spoils of war. There will be some difficult terms about war. Here, the role of
modulation is needed to use a phrase that is different in the source and target
language to convey the same idea. The reason of choosing Quran Virtual of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website is because it is easily accessed.
In addition, this study is different from others since it focuses on modulation with
its types in detailed. This research is unique because it figures out modulation in
Holy Quran which has religious values.
5
1.2 Statement of the problem
Based on the background of the study, the research problem is what are
modulations applied the translation version of Surah Al-Anfal in Quran Virtual of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website in Bahasa and English?
1.3 Purpose of the study
Related to the statement of the problem stated previously, the purpose of
the study is to investigate the modulation applied the translation version of Surah
Al-Anfal in Quran Virtual of University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website in
Bahasa and English
1.4 Significance of the study
The researcher hopes that the result of this study will give the advantages
for the lecturer. For the lecturer, teaching translation deals with the methods,
strategies, and procedures. This research has a deeper analysis about one of the
kinds of translation strategy which is modulation. This research also focused on
modulation with its types in detailed. Therefore, it will give some references since
this study is supported by some supporting theories about modulation.
Furthermore, this study is equipped with some examples of modulation with
detailed explanation.
For the students, they will know the translation theories and one of
translation procedures which has a big role in translation. Therefore, students are
able to enlarge and enrich their knowledge about translation procedure
particularly modulation.
6
1.5
Scope and limitation
Without limitation, the study will be too wide and dificult to write the
thesis about translation procedures. Therefore, it needs to be set in order to avoid
misunderstanding. Considering the identification of problem, the research focuses
on the one point discussion toward two types of modulation.
The limitation of this study focusses only on Surah Al-Anfal in Quran
Virtual of University of Muhammadiyah Malang because the meaning of Surah
Al-Anfal is spoils of war. There will be some difficult terms about war. Here, the
role of modulation is needed to use a phrase that is different in the source and
target language to convey the same idea..
1.6 Definition of the key terms
The researcher finds some key terms to avoid misunderstanding and
misinterpretation.
Translation is “the production of a functional target text maintaining a
relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or
demanded function of the target text” (Cowie, 2007:10).
“Translation methods related to the complete texts, whereas translation procedures
are applied for word, phrase, clause, and sentence” (Newmark (1988, p.81)
Modulation “as a procedure of translation occurs when there is a change of
perspective accompanied with a lexical change in the target text” (Vinay and
Darbelnet, 1997: 11).
7
Holy Quran “is the Arabic speech of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad (ه ص لى
) س لم و ع ل يهboth in word and in meaning. It was truly
believed by the believers and they acknowledged the words of Allah as the truth”
(Qadhi, 2008).
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
THESIS
by:
ACHMAD FATONI SETIAWAN
201110100311272
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirement to achieve Sarjana Degree
in English Education
by:
ACHMAD FATONI SETIAWAN
201110100311272
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
EVERYTHING WILL BE OKAY IN THE END, IF IT IS NOT OKAY, IT IS
NOT THE END.
DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to:
The writer’s deepest love and beloved parent
(Abdul Salam and Susianah Tri Peni)
Thanks for your love, financial and spirit, never ending support, and pray.
The writer’s beloved brothers
(Fandi Achmad and Febri Wahyu Tanoto)
Thanks for all advices and spirit
The writer’s beloved best friend
(Yuli Pradana)
Thanks you for your suggestions, inspiration and advices
The writer’s good friends
(The students of E and F class English Department 2011)
(Thanks for your shared memories, your laughs, your support, your love,
your soul conveying the writer into life-maturity)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MODULATION IN THE TRANSLATION
VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-ANFAL IN QURAN VIRTUAL OF UNIVERSITY
OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG WEBSITE IN BAHASA AND ENGLISH
Abstract
In this era, translation skill is needed to develop the international
communication. Translation is transferring idea from source language into target
language. In translating the text, we need to use the correct translation procedures for
maintaining the original purpose of source language. There are many translation
procedures; one of which is modulation which emphasizes on changing point of view to
express the same phenomenon in different way.
The aim of this study was investigating modulation in surah Al-Anfal in Quran
Virtual in University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website from Bahasa into English.
The reason behind choosing Surah Al-Anfal is because of the fact that the meaning of
this surah is spoils of war. There will be some difficult terms about war. Here, the role
of modulation is needed to convey the same idea of source language into target
language. Qualitative method was employed in collecting data. The data of this research
are taken from Quran Virtual in University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website.
The result of the analysis showed that there are 31 modulations under
investigation, 29 of which are free modulation and the rest are fixed modulation. Free
modulation becomes the most dominant one in translating surah Al-Anfal. It is as a
matter of fact that free modulation only offers a solution in translating the meaning.
Solution here means a unique solution which rests upon a habitual train of thought. It
occurs when the results of translation in target text sounds awkward despite it is being
grammatically correct. In free modulation, the translator uses his/her sense to translate
the text. Furthermore, the translator is also allowed to transform the meaning as long as
it does not change the original purpose. While in fixed modulation, the translator must
have good knowledge in terms of frequency of use, the overall acceptance in target text
context. In addition, in fixed modulation, the culture of source language and target
language should be concerned by the translator. Culture here means language structure.
By understanding the culture, the translator has an ability to convey the idea or the
meaning of source language into target language.
Keywords
: translation strategy, modulation, surah Al-Anfal
Advisor 1
Riski Lestiono, M.A.
The Writer
Achmad Fatoni Setiawan
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All the praise to Allah SWT the Lord of universe, for the health and strength to
finish this thesis. Peace and blessing be upon the most honorable Messenger and his
followers, the prophet Muhammad SAW, the greatest man who changes the world from
the darkness to the lightness.
The writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to his lovely parents, Mr.
Abdul Salam and Mrs. Susianah Tri Peni, for their motivations, supports, prayers, full
finance during his study and the process of finishing this study and all contribution in
the writer’s life lovingly.
This study also could not be completed without a great deal of help from many
people, especially Mr. Riski Lestiono, M.A and Mr. Dian Arsitades W., M.Pd, as the
writer’s thesis advisors, whose every guidance, support, patience, and encouragement
from the first to the final level enable the writer to understand the subject. May Allah
bless, protect them and their family.
The deepest gratitude goes to those who helped the writer to finish this study:
1. All the writer’s lecturers in English Department who have taught the writers
many things from the first semester until the end of the semester.
2. The writer’s beloved brothers and best friend, Fandi Achmad, Febri Wahyu
Tanoto and Yuli Pradana for supports, love and motivations.
3. The writer’s friends, the students of E and F class 2011 and Translation class,
for their shared memories, their laughs, their support, their love, their soul
conveying the writer into life-maturity.
Malang, September 02, 2015
Achmad Fatoni Setiawan
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... i
LEGALIZATION .................................................................................................. ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ iii
ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ...................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of Problem ............................................................................. 5
1.3 Purpose of Study ................................................................................... 5
1.4 Significance of the Study ..................................................................... 5
1.5 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................ 6
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ......................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Translation .............................................................................................. 8
2.2 Principles of Translation ......................................................................... 9
2.3 Function of Translation ......................................................................... 10
2.4 Process of Translation ........................................................................... 11
2.5 Translation Procedures .......................................................................... 13
2.5.1 Direct Translation ........................................................................ 13
1. Borrowing ............................................................................... 14
2. Calque ..................................................................................... 15
3. Literal Translation................................................................... 16
2.5.2 Oblique Translation ..................................................................... 17
1. Transposition .......................................................................... 17
2. Modulation .............................................................................. 18
3. Equivalence ............................................................................. 19
4. Adaptation ............................................................................... 20
2.6 Holy Quran ............................................................................................ 21
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Design .................................................................................... 24
3.2 Object of the Study ............................................................................... 25
3.3 Research Instrument .............................................................................. 26
3.4 Data Collection ..................................................................................... 27
3.5 Data Analysis ........................................................................................ 27
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Research Finding ......................................................................................
4.1.1 Free Modulation ........................................................................... 29
4.1.2 Fixed Modulation ......................................................................... 32
4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 39
5.2 Suggestions ........................................................................................... 40
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 42
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX I DATA CODING .......................................................................... 43
APPENDIX II.......................................................................................................48
REFERENCES
Ary, Donald, Jacobs, Lucy Cheser and Razavier, Asghar. 2010. Introdution to Research
in Education. (8th). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Chomsky, Noam. 2002. Language and Mind 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press.
New York
Creswell, John W. 2011. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating
Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Boston: Person.
Duff, Alan. 2010. Translation. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Fatoohi, Louay. 2005. History Testifies to the Infallibility of the Quran. New Delhi:
Adam Publisher
Munday, Jeremy. 2008. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Application 2nd
ed. New York: Routledge.
Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translations. New York: Prentice Hall
International (UK) Ltd.
Nida, Eugene A and Charles R.Taber. 1981. The Theory and Practice of Translation.
Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Ordurari, Mahmoud. Good Translation: Art, Craft, or Science?. Retrieved December
20, 2012, from: http://www.bokorlang.com/journal/43theory.htm
Powell, Russel. Symbaluk, Honey. 2009. Introduction to Learning and Behavior (3rd
edition). Belmont: Wadsworth.
Qadhi, Yasir. 2008. AlMaghrib Quranic Scinces Route 114. University of Toronto.
Rochmadie, Sabrony & Suryawinata. 1988. Materi pokok: Tranlsation. Jakarta:
Penerbit Karunia.
Suryawinata, Zuchridin & Sugeng Hariyanto. 2003. Translation: Bahasa Teori dan
Penentu Praktis Menterjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Vinay, Jean-Paul and Jean Darbelnet. 2004. Comparative Stylistic of French and
English: A Methodology for Translation Translated by Juan C. Sager and M.
Hamel. Amsterdam and Philadelpia: John Benjamins.
Wahyuni, Sari. 2012. Qualitative Research Method: Theory and Practice. Jakarta:
Salemba Empat.
Wilkonson, David and Birmingham, Peter. 2003. Using Research Instruments: A Guide
for Researcher. London: Routledge Falmer.
Wiratno. Tri. 2003. Mencerna Buku Teks Bahasa Inggris Melalui Pemahaman
Gramatika. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses background of the study, statement of the problem,
purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and
definition of the key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
English becomes the international language which is used by many people
in the world to communicate, transfer knowledge and also information. Talking
about English, it is related to four English language skills which are reading,
speaking, listening, and writing. According to Chomsky (2002), “Language is
point of view of the human mind that is significantly represented in the brain and
part of the biological contribution of the species” (p.1).
Language is object of translation. Without language, translation cannot be
applied. Translation is an attempt to restate idea from one language into another
language. It is also known that there are a lot of texts and books written in
English. For those who do not understand English, both oral and written
communication can be done by the helps of translation. According to Cowie
(2007), “translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a
relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or
demanded function of the target text”. The use of the the correct translation
procedure is needed in translating the source text for mantaining an original
purpose.
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Translation procedure is different from translation method. Translation
methods are related to the complete texts, whereas translation procedures are
applied for word, phrase, clause, and sentence (Newmark (1988, p.81). According
to Cowie (2007) the types of translation procedures are: (1) Transliteration:
rendering the letters on alphabet into the letters of another with a different
alphabetical system; (2) Borrowing: procedure often used when the TL has no
equivalent for the source text; (3) Literal: it presupposes a kind of interlingual
synonym; (4) Transposition: it involves replacing a grammatical structure in the
source text with one of a different type in the target text; (5) Modulation: it entails
a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of view; and (6) Adaptation: it
involves modifying the concept, or using a situation analogous to the source text
situation though not identical to it. However, translators must study the whole text
at first to understand the whole text.
There are many translation procedures, one of them is modulation which
emphasizes on changing point of view to express the same phenomenon in a
different way (Hardin and Picot 1990, p.81). Modulation is as a procedure of
translation occurs when there is a change of perspective accompanied with a
lexical change in the target text (Vinay and Darbelnet, 1997: 11). It will be
clarified with an example as follows:
Source text
: Jariku terpotong.
Target text
: I cut my finger.
From that sentence if there is no modulation, the meaning will be “aku memotong
jariku sendiri”. If it is translated literally, it seems that the speaker cuts his finger
intentionally while the purpose of the speaker is just informing that his finger is
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not in a good condition. Modulation usually occurs in translating book, novel,
journal, essay, folkfore, etc. In this study, the focus was directed to Holy Quran as
object of study because of the fact that most people in Indonesia are Muslim. For
every Muslim, the importance of Quran cannot be denied. The Holy Quran guides
the Muslims how to pray and please Allah. None of the Muslims can lead his life
without the Holy book. As stated by Allah “We have revealed to you the book
which clarifies every matter.” The Muslims need to translate the Holy Quran of
the desire to resist missionary effort. This is obvious as the need for translating the
Holy Quran arose in those historic circumstances when a large number of nonArabic speaking people had embraced Islam. That is why translated version of
Holy Quran is important to be researched.
Holy Quran is the Arabic speech of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad (ه ص لى
) س لم و ع ل يهboth in word and in meaning. It was truly
believed by the believers and they acknowledged the words of Allah as the truth
(Qadhi, 2008).
There are some studies related to modulation. One of them was conducted
by Prasetyo (2011) from Institute of Art Indonesia which is entitled “An Analysis
on Transposition and Modulation in the Culture Theory Book Translated into
Buku Teori Budaya”. Actually, modulation is one of the translation procedures. It
entails a change in lexical elements and a shift in the point of view. In addition,
the sentence “Time is money” is translated into “Waktu itu sangat berharga”
(time is priceless), not “Waktu adalah uang” (time is money).
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Another previous study was conducted by Susilawati (2010) which is
entitled “An Analysis on Transposition and Modulation in Translation of
Guidance in Using Oriflame Products”. This research focuses on the forms of
transposition and modulation. The result shows that the forms of transposition and
modulation used by the translators impact on translation quality. The transposition
techniques are applied around 64% and modulation is 62.8%. However, there are
some errors that make the message cannot be delivered. It causes
misunderstanding for some readers to use the products. A translator is better to
conceive the products and how to use it first, so the readers are able to use
Oriflame products appropriately.
Based on several previous studies above, modulation is trully important in
translating some data in terms of book, journal, essay, etc. Realizing that, the
reasercher conducted a research which is entitled “A Study on Modulation in
Translating Surah An-Anfal in Quran Virtual of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang Website from Bahasa into English.”. The meaning of Surah Al-Anfal is
spoils of war. There will be some difficult terms about war. Here, the role of
modulation is needed to use a phrase that is different in the source and target
language to convey the same idea. The reason of choosing Quran Virtual of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website is because it is easily accessed.
In addition, this study is different from others since it focuses on modulation with
its types in detailed. This research is unique because it figures out modulation in
Holy Quran which has religious values.
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1.2 Statement of the problem
Based on the background of the study, the research problem is what are
modulations applied the translation version of Surah Al-Anfal in Quran Virtual of
University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website in Bahasa and English?
1.3 Purpose of the study
Related to the statement of the problem stated previously, the purpose of
the study is to investigate the modulation applied the translation version of Surah
Al-Anfal in Quran Virtual of University of Muhammadiyah Malang’s website in
Bahasa and English
1.4 Significance of the study
The researcher hopes that the result of this study will give the advantages
for the lecturer. For the lecturer, teaching translation deals with the methods,
strategies, and procedures. This research has a deeper analysis about one of the
kinds of translation strategy which is modulation. This research also focused on
modulation with its types in detailed. Therefore, it will give some references since
this study is supported by some supporting theories about modulation.
Furthermore, this study is equipped with some examples of modulation with
detailed explanation.
For the students, they will know the translation theories and one of
translation procedures which has a big role in translation. Therefore, students are
able to enlarge and enrich their knowledge about translation procedure
particularly modulation.
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1.5
Scope and limitation
Without limitation, the study will be too wide and dificult to write the
thesis about translation procedures. Therefore, it needs to be set in order to avoid
misunderstanding. Considering the identification of problem, the research focuses
on the one point discussion toward two types of modulation.
The limitation of this study focusses only on Surah Al-Anfal in Quran
Virtual of University of Muhammadiyah Malang because the meaning of Surah
Al-Anfal is spoils of war. There will be some difficult terms about war. Here, the
role of modulation is needed to use a phrase that is different in the source and
target language to convey the same idea..
1.6 Definition of the key terms
The researcher finds some key terms to avoid misunderstanding and
misinterpretation.
Translation is “the production of a functional target text maintaining a
relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or
demanded function of the target text” (Cowie, 2007:10).
“Translation methods related to the complete texts, whereas translation procedures
are applied for word, phrase, clause, and sentence” (Newmark (1988, p.81)
Modulation “as a procedure of translation occurs when there is a change of
perspective accompanied with a lexical change in the target text” (Vinay and
Darbelnet, 1997: 11).
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Holy Quran “is the Arabic speech of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad (ه ص لى
) س لم و ع ل يهboth in word and in meaning. It was truly
believed by the believers and they acknowledged the words of Allah as the truth”
(Qadhi, 2008).