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4 Connect reading and writing Students learn by observing or reading the written word and by
reading and studying a variety of relevant text types, the students are able to determine how they should write.
5 Provide as much authentic writing as possible Sharing writing with other students in the class can be a way to
add authenticity. 6Frame your techniques in terms of prewriting, drafting, and
revising stages
c. Types of Classroom Writing Performances
According to Brown 2001: 343, there are five categories of Classroom Writing Performance. They are:
1 Imitative
The students just write down English letters, symbols, or sentences that they see. Sometimes, the teacher dictates what
the students have to write. 2
Intensive In this type of classroom writing performance, writing can be
used as a tool or media for learning, reinforcing, and testing grammatical content. This activity usually does not give the
students a chance to explore their creativity.
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3 Self Writing
Self writing is also called as free writing or creative writing. It is usually used to improve students’ writing ability and to
develop students’ writing habit. In this type of activity, the students write something and they kept it by themselves.
Writing a diary is one of the examples of this type. The students have enough space to explore their ideas and their
creativity. 4
Display Writing Display writing is a type of writing performance which is
aimed to be submitted and presented to others. The examples of this writing type are research report, classroom assignment, and
essays in a certain examination. 5
Real Writing This type of writing performance is aimed to give some
information to people who actually need the message or the information.
Furthermore, Harmer 2004: 84 also said that the purpose of writing activity must emphasize on the chance which is given to
the students for being a fluent writer because the aim of teaching writing is to make the students confident in writing their own text.
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d. The Roles of the Teacher in Teaching Writing
In teaching writing, the teacher is the important key to make the students learn well. The teacher has some roles that
should be kept in mind. According to Harmer 2007: 261, the teacher has important roles as follows:
1 Motivator
The teacher has to motivate the students when they are doing writing tasks. The teacher also has to give them
the explanation about the usefulness of the activity, and encourage them to make much effort for maximum
benefit. The teacher has to be a good motivator for the students to make them learn writing easily and happily.
2 Resource
The teacher should be ready to give as much as information that he or she could give to the students.
The teacher also needs to provide language when it is necessary. The teacher should ensure the students that
he or she is available and ready to look at their work. 3
Feedback provider The teacher should give responses to the content of the
students’ work positively. The responses should be encouragingly given.
