them and the intervention will be done, for example, “Excuse me sir, your blood pressure is increase, so you must drink medicine”. Therefore, in the utterance,
nurses must emphasize some words in giving the information. They are blood pressure as a noun; increase as adjective; drink as a verb. That is why content
words in sentences have greater importance than other words because they relate the meaning of the utterance and emphasize the speaker intention.
2.4 Intonation
Word stress interacts with intonation. A word in a sentence has a syllable that stands out above the rest. Intonation is normally used to indicate new
information as opposed to given information which is known or assumed to be already known to addressee. One of the words conveys new information is
highlighted by making one of its syllables and tonic syllable Katamba, 1989:248- 249. According to Gramley and Patzold 1992:111 the final major area of
phonology is intonation; the use of changes in the pitch of the voice. English employs five basic intonational contours, which are referred to as
tone. They are: 1.
Fall 2.
Rise 3.
Level 4.
Fall-rise 5.
Rise-fall
The basic function of intonation is probably very similar to most varieties. Intonation has an affective, a grammatical, and a discourse function. Intonation
can also be used grammatically to signal whether a particular sequence of words is to be understood as a statement or a question, as a list of single feature or as a
combination of common characteristics. Halliday’s analysis and interpretation of the intonation of English 1973:124 in Gramley and Patzold 1992:112 comes to
the conclusion; “Tone marks the kind of activity involved, by a complex pattern built out of a simple opposition between certain and uncertain…if…certain, the
pitch of the tonic fall, if uncertain it rises.” Based on the opinions above, the fact that intonation and stress are of
central importance, they contribute to the expression of speaker attitude and speaker intention and to the information structure of the sentence. The messages
that speakers convey to one another depend just as much on how they say something as on what it is that they actually say. However, it is possible to use the
same words to convey a huge variety of meanings, moods or intentions. In the study of intonation, pitch, loudness and length are the most important factors.
They work together to give certain syllables prominently over the others. The concepts of intonation are very closely related to those in stress, the difference
being that stress is concerned with individual words, whereas intonation extends over a phrase or utterance. In this research, however, I only focus on stress, i.e.
sentence stress.
2.5 Grammar
