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4. Document Analysis
Document analysis was taken from students ‘speaking achievement in speaking achievement in speaking “Rapor”, the materials, the handouts, the
syllabus, tape- recording and Video shootings.
5. Questionnaire
Questionnaires was given to the students in order to get the data concerning with the research. The questionnaires given were open questionnaire
since the researcher to get more data. Questionnaires was given to get the data concerning with speaking learning teaching process using Critical Debate
Technique. In the research questionnaires were given four times that is in pre- observation- on Thursday, February 10
th
2011, three times after the learning teaching process using Critical Debate Technique exactly at the end of each
cycle- on Monday, February 28
th
2011, on Monday, March 14
th
2011, and on Friday, April 8
th
2011.
F. Technique of Analyzing Data
After collecting the data, the next step done in this research was analyzing the data. The quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The
researcher used mean as a technique to describe the description of speaking ability based on the average score of students. According to Sugiyono 2007: 49 mean
is obtained by adding all the scores of the students divided by number of the students in the group. The formula is as follows:
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∑X M = -------
n
Note: M = means ∑ X = the total score of the whole students
n = the number of the students The qualitative data were analyzed by using the constant comparative
method as suggested by Hopkins 1993: 149. The researcher described four stages
of the constant comparative method: 1 comparing incidents applicable to each category; 2 integrating categories and their properties; 3 delimiting the theory;
and 4 writing the theory. The following is brief description of each step: 1.
Comparing incidents applicable to each category. This process was also similar to specify the nature and dimensions of the
concepts arising from the data. The researcher expresses the result of the test. Observation, interview, document analysis, and questionnaires in the form of
field note. The researcher took the appropriate information in order to answer the statement of the problem.
2. Integrating categories and their properties.
In this step, the researcher made information categories based on the similar characteristics.
3. Delimiting the theory.
In this step, the researcher determined sort of relationship among categories.
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4. Writing the theory.
Finally, the researcher developed her findings into sentences to be shared with others. At this stage, the researcher developed the theory based on the
relationship among categories in order to express the phenomenon occurred.
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter sets out to describe the stages of activities as part of implementation Critical Debate Technique in the classroom action research. The
objective is to present the research findings which provide evidence in order to answer the problem statement stated in chapter1. The description of finding was
based on the data from the data from the researchers’ field note and journal, collaborator ‘journal , the observation, the interview, the document analysis, and
the questionnaire. The activities were carried out for 12 weeks which were divided in three cycles. Each cycle was carried out in four weeks-three meetings.
A. Research Findings
1. Introduction
As stated in chapter 1 of this thesis, the problems faced by students is that the students had low speaking ability. In SMAN I Sakra the students are taught
speaking until six semesters. As stated in curriculum, the scope of speaking is focused on functional speaking Teaching. In this case, the main competence
developed is the appropriateness of using the language function, such as how to express gratitude, to express agreement and disagreement, how to express like and
dislike, how to asked someone opinion, and how to give opinion. Besides that speaking is aimed at developing the micro linguistics aspects consisting of
grammar, pronunciation, and words choice.
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