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languages because sometimes they spoke Indonesian and English at once. In this analysis, the writer only selects the data in apologizing that occur in English
Department students because the writer’s participants are the English Department students. The writer tries to analyze the data in apologizing based on apology
strategy by Bergman and Kesper 1993.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms 1. Apologizing
An apologizing is the acknowledgement by the speaker that the violation has been committed and admitted that they are at least partially involved in its
cause Blum Kulka, house and Kesper, 1989:21.
2. Apologizing Strategies
The specified acknowledgement components that are needed by the speaker in doing appropriate apologizing Bergman and Kesper, 1993:84
3. Pragmatics
Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning, the study of contextual meaning, the study of how to communicate more than it is said, and the study of
the expression of relative distance. Yule 1996:3
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
In this chapter the writer will explain about the theory and studies that are related to her research. Theories are important when people want to make a study.
They are needed as their reference to their study, especially in making research concerning this study on apology strategies; the writer uses the theory of
apologizing strategies that has been written by Bergman and Kesper 1993. In this study, the writer tries to see the phenomenon in apologizing that occurs based
on pragmatics field.
2.1 Apologizing
Apology is done the speaker did an offense to the hearer. The speaker who has done the offense to the hearer should apologize to the hearer in order to
restore the hearer’s face and maintain the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. Offen
se is the action that is done by the speaker that attacks the hearer’s feeling. When the speaker talks to the hearer, the speaker needs positive face
because the speaker wants to be admitted as the member of the hearer. Then, if misunderstanding occurs that affects an offense to the hearer, the speaker positive
face will be threatened and affect the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The interaction that has been offended can be restored by the speaker
using apologizing. Therefore, the speaker should apologize to the hearer, in order to restore the condition and the relationship. Apology as a face threatening act,
which damages to the speaker’s positive face since in doing it the speaker admits that she or he has done an offense Brown and Levinson, 1987:68. Apology as a
