Type of Research Data, Population, Sample and Source of Data

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the writer will explain the method of this research. Regarding to this, the writer will explain the type and the data of this research. In addition, she will also explain the methods and techniques used in collecting and analyzing the data.

3.1. Type of Research

This study, based on its goal, is classified into descriptive research since the writer conducts the study by observing, analyzing and describing phenomenon that occurs. This is in accordance with what explained by Arikunto 2010 in which the descriptive research aims only to describe an object or a particular phenomenon without causing the object of analysis or the phenomenon to change p. 3. Hence, instead of trying to affect and change the data, the writer tries to understand the phenomenon and describes it. Aside from that, based on its analysis, this study is also considered as qualitative research. This is because as Azwar 2009 stated, the analysis of qualitative research is focused on logic which is used to make a conclusion p. 5. However, for supporting the analysis, the writer also uses numerical data which is considered as quantitative method in order to strengthen the analysis. In addition, based on the place in which it is conducted, this study is also categorized as library research. The reason is that the writer conducts the study without going to the field. Therefore, unlike the field research, in collecting the data the writer doesn’t require any direct communication or any interaction with speakers.

3.2. Data, Population, Sample and Source of Data

In conducting this research, the writer uses four episodes of Mata Najwa talk show, namely ‘Apa Kata Mega’, ‘Mendadak Capres’, ‘Negeri Pungli’, and ‘Pencuri Perhatian’. In the dialogues of the talk show there are several linguistic units that can be used for the analysis. However, since this study aims to describe how person deictic expressions are used in the talk show, the most apparent units of analysis for this study are lexemes. Hence, the data of this study are the deictic lexemes as the unit of analysis along with their contexts. The contexts here refer to everything within utterance that influences the unit of analysis linguistic context and everything outside utterance that influences the unit of analysis non- linguistic context. Soeharto in Hikmat 2011 explained that population refers to the whole object of analysis p. 60. In this research, since the analysis is focused on the person deixis used in the talk show, the population for this study is all uses of person deixis in Mata Najwa talk show. Starting from observing the population, then, the writer categorizes the use of person deixis and chooses some utterances containing person deixis as samples which is used for the analyses. In choosing the samples, the writer uses purposively sampling technique in which the writer does not choose the samples randomly but she chooses them intentionally.

3.3. Methods and Techniques of Collecting Data