Tripp 1972:247 cites an example of this, where one secretary in an office asks another
─ but with negative politeness ─ to pass the stapler, in circumstances where a professor is much nearer to the stapler that the
other secretary. His face is not threatened, and he can choose to do it himself as a bonus ‘free gift’.
STRATEGY 15. Be incomplete, use ellipsis Elliptical utterances are legitimated by various conversational
contexts. e.g. Well, if one leaves one’s tea on the wobbly table …
C. Comic
Via Latin,
the word
of comic
is derived
from the Greek
Κωμικός, kōmikos, of
or pertaining
to comedy,
from kōmos revel that means is a graphic medium in which images are
utilized in order to convey a sequential narrative; the term, derived from massive early use to convey comic themes, came to be applied to all uses of
this medium including those which are far from comic. Whereas, A. S. Hornby 2000:239 states that comic is
adj. 1 amusing and making you laugh. 2 [only before noun] connected
with comedy
noun 1 an entertainer who makes people laugh by telling jokes or funny stories comedian 2 AmE also comic book a magazine, especially for
children, that tells stories through pictures 3 the comics [pl.] AmE the section of a newspaper that contains comic strips.
D. Context
According to Schiffrin 1994:365, context is what speakers and hearers know, for example about social institutions about others’ wants and needs,
about the nature of human rationality, etc and how that language guides the use of language and the interpretation of utterances. Halliday in Gerot and
Wignell 1995: 174 reveals context into two group, they are context of culture and context of situation. In context of situation, they are divided into linguistic
context verbal and non linguistic context non-verbal. Jef Verschueren 1999:75 reveals the Malinowski’s term of ‘context of situation’
Exactly as in the reality of spoken or written languages, a word without linguistic context is a mere figment and stands for nothing by itself, so in
the reality of a spoken living tongue, the utterance has no meaning except in the context of situation. Malinowski 1923, p. 307
Firth 1992:11 gives an emphasis of some principles about context of situation, they are participants, participants’ action, features of another
situation that relevance, and the impacts of verbal action. This framework is arranged in 1950 and re-improved by Professor T.F. Mitchell. Firth’s concepts
are more abstract, not as a realization of the language event. Dell Hymes 1967:11 explains the framework of context situation in renewing the Firth’s
one, they are the form and content of message; sets of specific environment as time and place; participants; intentions and objectives of communication;
clues; mediator; genre; and norm of interaction. However, context of situation is only direct environment but there is still
wider knowledge in translating a text, which is context of culture. Here, the real context of situation, including the arrangement of certain field, tenor, and
mode which form the text, is a unity of specific package in a culture. Halliday
1992:64 states that the clue of cultural background knowledge is needed in helping revealing context of situation.
E. Peanuts Comic Strips
