DEVELOPING SPEAKING MATERIAL BASED ON TASK-BASED LEARNING FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL.

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DEVELOPING SPEAKING MATERIAL BASED ON TASK-

BASED LEARNING FOR THE SEVENTH GRADE

STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

A THESIS

Submitted to Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

By:

SOIBATUL ASLAMIAH NASUTION

Registration Number: 2122121042

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2017

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i ABSTRACT

Nasution, Soibatul Aslamiah. Registration Number: 2122121042. Developing Speaking Material Based on Task-Based Learning for the Seventh Grade Students of Junior High School. A Thesis. English Education Program, State University of Medan, 2017.

The objective of this study is to develop speaking materials based on task-based learning for the seventh grade students of junior high school. It was found that the speaking materials provided in the students’ textbook were not enough for classroom use. This research was conducted based on educational research and development (R&D) through five steps, namely: need analysis, planning (designing the syllabus, designing the first draft of the material, expert judgment and revision, and writing final draft of the material. The subject of this study was VII-7 students at SMP Negeri 27 Medan. The data were taken from interviewing the English teacher and distributing questionnaire for 38 students. Based on the need analysis conducted the students need speaking materials which are related to their daily life and could support their learning activity. Thus, developing material is based on task-based learning. The products have been validated by two experts. The average scores are 4.0 from English lecturer and 4.3 from English teacher. It is categorized good. It means that the developed speaking materials are suitable for the seventh grade students of junior high school.

Keywords: Research and Development (R&D), Speaking Materials, Task-Based Learning

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Praise to Allah SWT, for His blessings, so that the writer can finish the Thesis for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the attainment of Sarjana Pendidikan degree in English education entitled “Developing Speaking Material for the Seventh Grade Students of Junior High School”.

First of all, the writer would like to express her deepest gratitude for many people have helped her in finishing this Thesis:

 Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, the Rector of State University of Medan.

 Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum, the Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts.

 Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd, the Head of English and Literature Department and the second Examiners.

 Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature Department and the first Examiners.

 Nora Ronita Dewi, S.S, S.Pd, M.Hum, the Head of English Education study program.

 Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd and Dra. Masitowarni Siregar, M. Ed, the amazing Advisors that given encouragement, advice, suggestion, attention and criticized the writer.

 Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum and Chairiyah Sitompul, S.Pd, her Validators for reviewing the products.

 Eis Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Pd, the Administration Staff of English Department.

 Hj. Masraya, S.Pd, the Headmaster of SMP Negeri 27 Medan for giving the permission to conduct this research at that school.

 Sri Haryati, S.Pd, the English Teacher of SMP Negeri 27 Medan for helping the researcher during the research.

 Her parents, who always support and pray for every steps of the writer, Mr. Dahmad Nasution and Mrs. Warni Nasution.

 Her siblings, who always give motivation to finish her study, Munawir Gozali Nasution and Miftahul Rizky Nasution.

 Her friends, who have given motivation and spirit during these 4 years, Anggi Yulihar, Wita Nurhikmah, Seri Dewi S. Tindaon, Nurasiah Lubis.

 Her roommate, who always be there for her in every situation, Hayatun Syakinah Nasution and Armaida Batubara.

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 Her classmates in Education 12 Regular C, especially Anggita Kasandra Lubis, Frickson Siburian, Betharia S. Pandia, Yeslika Debora Br. Bangun, Malawita, Suchroni Panjaitan and everyone who cannot be mentioned one by one for sharing care and support to the researcher in accomplishing this Thesis.

 Special gratitude for SMP Negeri 27 Medan as the place that research took place, especially grade VII-8 for being the subject of this research.

Finally, I hope that this Thesis will be useful for the readers. However, I realize this Thesis is not perfect yet. Therefore, any criticism, ideas and suggestions for the improvement of this Thesis are greatly appreciated.

Medan, April 2017 The Writer,

Soibatul Aslamiah Nasution Reg. Number. 2122121042

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iii

LIST OF TABLES ... v

LIST OF FIGURES ... vi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A.The Background of the Study ... 1

B.The Problem of the Study ... 4

C.The Objective of the Study ... 4

D.The Scope of the Study ... 4

E.The Significances of the Study ... 4

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 5

A.Theoretical Framework ... 5

1. Curriculum 2006 (KTSP) ... 5

a. The Nature of Curriculum 2006 ... 5

b. The Learning Process ... 6

2. The Speaking Skill ... 7

a. The Nature of Speaking ... 7

b. The types of Speaking Performances... 8

c. The Speaking Material ... 10

d. The Speaking Assessment ... 12

3. Task Based Learning ... 12

a. The Nature of Task-Based Learning ... 12

b. The Advantages of Task-Based Learning ... 13

c. The Principles of Task-Based Learning ... 14

d. The Components of Tasks ... 15

e. The types of Task ... 16

f. The speaking Task ... 17

4. Materials ... 19

a. The Nature of Materials ... 19

b. Material Design ... 21

c. Basic Principles of Teaching Materials Development ... 23

B.Relevant Studies ... 24

C.Conceptual Framework ... 25

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 27

A.Research Design ... 27

B.The Subject of the Research ... 28

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D.The Techniques of Developing Materials ... 30

CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT...34

A.Need Analysis ... 34

a. Target Needs... 34

b. Learning Needs ... 35

B.Planning (Designing the Syllabus) ... 37

C.Designing the First Draft Material ... 38

a. The Title ... 39

b. The Standard of Competence and the Basic Competence ... 39

c. Indicators of Competence and Achievement ... 40

d. Input ... 41

e. Language ... 41

f. Activities ... 42

g. Media ... 43

D. Experts Judgment and Revision ... 43

E.Designing the Final Draft of the Material ... 43

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 45

A.Conclusion ... 45

B.Suggestion ... 45

REFERENCESS ... 47

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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 2.1 The Process of Speaking Task ... 17

Table 3.1 The Target Needs of the Students……… 29

Table 3.2 The Learner’s Needs……… 29

Table 3.3 The Organization of the Questionnaire……… 30

Table 3.4 The scores of each scale ... 32

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vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

Figure 2.1. The Components of Tasks ... 15

Figure 2.2. The Framework of the Task-Based Learning Process ... 18

Figure 2.3. Conceptual Framework of the Research ... 26

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viii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Pages

Appendix A ... 51

Appendix B... 54

Appendix C... 57

Appendix D ... 66

Appendix E ... 72

Appendix F ... 78

Appendix G ... 84

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BAB I

INTRODUCTION

A.The Background of The Study

English as an international language becomes a reason why the people learn English language. English is very useful for many situations, for example in entertainment, technology, business and educational context. The importance of learning English becomes one of the significant reasons why English language is included as a lesson in the curriculum 2006 (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan).

In Indonesia, English is a foreign language that is taught in every school from the elementary to the university level. Based on KTSP, students of junior high school should master four skills as stated in standard competence, namely speaking, reading, listening and writing.Speaking becomes one of the most important aspects in learning and getting information. Brown (2001) states that speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving, and processing information. Based on the definition, it can be said that the people can give the ideas and exchange the information with others through interactive process.

Based on curriculum 2006, the seventh grade students of Junior High School are expected to be able to express meaning in simple transactional and interpersonal conversation to interact with the immediate environment. In fact, based on the preliminary observation in seventh grade of SMP Negeri 27 Medan ,the researcher found that many students had low score in speaking skill. There are

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Thirty eight students in this class, there are 40% of the students that got 1-69, 10 % of the students got 70-79, 30 % of the students got 80-89, and 20% of the students got 90-100. It indicates that most of them had low motivation to speak English and their speaking skill was also poor. It means that the students can’t fulfill the curriculum expectation.

The researcher found some problems that make some students had low score in speaking skill. The first problem is related to the students. There are many students that are not confident to use English. For instance, when the teacher asks them to come forward to have a conversation with friends and act the dialogue, they refuse it. They were too shy and felt worry if their friends would laugh at them.

The second problem is related to the material, the students rarely practice speaking, because the teacher is not teach speaking in the same portion as the other language skills. There are not enough speaking materials which are ready for classroom use. Based on curriculum 2006, the students should develop the four language skills in a balance, but the materials in a course book “English on Sky” (2006) which is used in grade seven of SMP Negeri 27 Medan focus more on listening and reading. Whereas, there are some conversation texts that can be used as speaking materials but the instructions do not ask the students to do a task which can make them practice using English in speaking. Most lessons of English are carried out through teacher-centered approaches (Nunan, 2004). Where the conversations read by the teacher and followed by the students by

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seeing the conversation. It does not practice by students, the students only follow the teacher by read the conversations.

The other problem is the materials in English on Sky (2006) did not completely fulfill the students’ needs. The materials should use local content and familiar for students (Schoenbach, et al 2012:39). The topic should relate to their daily life to make the students easily to represent it into their daily activities.

The students need interesting activities, tasks and material to stimulate them in learning speaking. Language learning materials that can function properly are those that are presented in the form of tasks. Ellis (2003 in Nunan, 2004: 3-4) states that a task is intended to result in language use that is similar to the way language is used in the real world, in real everyday life situation. It will be more active and enjoyable if the teacher use task speaking material and activity base on task based learning. The task instructs the students to do and complete their task. Every task has a clear purpose and contains what the teacher and students must do.

Kesda (2012) found that task based learning activities supported language learning and speaking of the students in the classroom. The variet activities in speaking material for the students were helpful and encouraging. Ruso (2007) also found that task-based learning was helpful in students’ motivation and learning. It was encouraged the students’ practice opportunities of the target language receptivity in the lessons as a result of presenting various tasks. Based on the findings, it is important to develop a speaking material based on task-based learning. Therefore, the researcher will be focused on developing

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speaking material based on task-based learning for the seventh grade studentsin SMP Negeri 27 Medan.

B. The Problem of the Study

Based on the background of the study, the problem of this study was formulated as the following “How were the English speaking materials developed based on task-based learning for the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan?”

C. The Objective of the study

The objective of the study was to develop the speaking material in transactional, interpersonal and short functional oral text based on task-based learning for the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan.

D. The Scope of the Study

Base on the background of the study, this research focused on the development of speaking material based on task-based learning. It was applied in the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan.

E. The Significances of the Study

The findings of this resesarch were useful for:

1. English teacher, this research can be used as a supplementary materials for teaching and learning process of speaking.

2. Students, the materials can be used for practice in developing their speaking ability

3. Other researchers, as a reference for conducting research in relation to materials development.

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45 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion

The materials in the textbook (English on Sky) which is used in grade seven of SMP Negeri 27 Medan focus more on listening and reading. The speaking materials are not enough for classroom use. Therefore the objective of the study was to develop the speaking material in transactional, interpersonal and short functional text based on task-based learning. The seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan needed speaking materials which could support their learning activity.

The English speaking material should be developed through 6 phases, they were; 1) Need Analysis, 2) Planning (designing the syllabus), 3) Designing the first draft of the material, 4) Expert judgment, 5) Designing final draft of the material.

Based on the result of the expert judgment, these developed speaking materials are appropriate for the seventh grade students of Junior High School. B. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, the writer suggested the English teachers, students and other researchers.

For the English teachers, they should analyze the target and learning needs of students to choose the most appropriate and best materials for the students. The appropriate materials make the students interested to achieve the goal of learning.

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The learning process can be successful if the reading materials were useful for the students’ daily life.

For the students, they can use the developed speaking material for practice in developing their speaking ability.

For other researchers, they can develop the speaking materials based on task-based learning for other grades of students so that teacher will have more speaking materials ready for the students. Other researcher should find many references to support in developing speaking materials.

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REFERENCES

Agusliana, Rachmawati, & Hardjono, Hary Soedarto. 2014. Pengembangan Materi Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris di SMP.Tekno-Pedagogi, 4 (1).

Ampa, Andi Tenri, dkk. 2013. The Students’ Needs in Developing Learning Materials for Speaking Skills in Indonesia. Journal of Education and Practice, 4 (17).

Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. 2006. Panduan Penyusunan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. Jakarta: BSNP.

Borg, W. R. and Gall, M.D. 2003.Educational Research an Introduction. New York: Longman.

Brown, H D. 2000.Principles of Language Learning and teaching. New York: Longman.

__________. 2004. Language Assessment Principles and Classroom Practices. New York:Pearson Education, Inc

. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Longman. Bygate, M., Skehan, P. and Swain, M. 2001.Researching Pedagogic Task in

Second Language Learning, Teaching and Testing. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

Erawaty, Fitry. 2016. Developing English Speaking Materials for Students of Culinary Study Program at Vacational School through Task-Based Learning. Post Graduate. Medan: State University of Medan.

Haryati, Sri. 2012. Research and Development (R&D) Sebagai Salah Satu Model Penelitian dalam Bidang Pendidikan. 37 (1).

Hutchinson, T. & Waters, A. (1987). English for Specific Purposes: A learningcentred approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Haque, Nurul. 2014. A Brief Study on Needs Analysis. Express, an International

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Juan, LI. 2014. Literature Review of the Classifications of "Needs" in Needs Analysis Theory.International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies.Vol. 2, No. 3.

Kumalarni, Th. 2008. Contextual Teaching And Learning. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.

Larlen.2013. Persiapan Guru Bagi Proses Belajar Mengajar.Pena, 3 (1).

Moore, Pat & Lorenzo, Fransisco. 2016. Task-based learning and content and language integrated learning materials design: process and product. The Language Learning Journal, 43 (3), 334-357.

Munirah. 2015. UsingTask-Based Approach in Improving the Students’ Speaking Accuracy and Fluency. Journal of Education and Human Development. 4 ( 3).

Nunan, D. 2004. Task-Based Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Paramasivam, S. 2013. Materials Development for Speaking Skills in Aviation English for Malaysian Air Traffic Controllers: Theory and Practice. The Journal of Teaching English for Specific and Academic Purposes, 1 (2). Priyana, Joko. 2008. English for Junior High School Students. Jakarta: Pusat

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Richards, J. and Rodgers, T. (1986) Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Suharto, G. (2005). Penilaian Hasil Belajar Bahasa Inggris. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

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Tanghun, Kesda. (2012). Using of Task-Based Learning to Develop English Speaking Ability of Prathom 6 Students at Piboonprachasan School. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis).Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.

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Willis, J. 1996. A Framework for Task Based Learning. Harlow: Longman Addison-Wesley

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C. The Objective of the study

D. The Scope of the Study

Base on the background of the study, this research focused on the development of speaking material based on task-based learning. It was applied in the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 27 Medan.

E. The Significances of the Study

The findings of this resesarch were useful for:

1. English teacher, this research can be used as a supplementary materials for teaching and learning process of speaking.

2. Students, the materials can be used for practice in developing their speaking ability

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CHAPTER V