AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE SHOCK FACED BY VIKTOR NAVORSKI AS EUROPEAN TRAVELER TO AMERICA IN STEVEN SPIELBERG’S FILM “THE TERMINAL”

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE SHOCK FACED BY VIKTOR

NAVORSKI AS EUROPEAN TRAVELER TO AMERICA IN

STEVEN SPIELBERG’S FILM “THE TERMINAL”

THESIS

By:

WIDIA RIZAH HIDAYANTI

08360124

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE SHOCK FACED BY VIKTOR

NAVORSKI AS EUROPEAN TRAVELER TO AMERICA IN

STEVEN SPIELBERG’S FILM “THE TERMINAL”

THESIS

By:

WIDIA RIZAH HIDAYANTI

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE SHOCK FACED BY VIKTOR

NAVORSKI AS EUROPEAN TRAVELER TO AMERICA IN

STEVEN SPIELBERG’S FILM “THE TERMINAL”

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

WIDIA RIZAH HIDAYANTI

08360124

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

I have only created ghost and men that they may serve me.

(Adzariyaat: 56)

Barang siapa yang ingin kesejahteraan dunia hendaklah dengan

ilmu, barang siapa yang menginginkan ketentraman akhirat

hendaklah dengan ilmu, dan barang siapa yang menginginkan

kedua-duanya hendaklah dengan ilmu pula.

(Al-Hadits)

The writer dedicated this thesis to

:

Her beloved father and mother, “without you I’m nothing”.

Her brother and sister in law, “your spirit gives me much inspiration”.

Her sweetest love, “thanks for everything. I’m strong because of you”

Her all friends in English dept. 2008 especially for class C, “thanks for the support and loyalties”.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The writer would like to express her gratitude to the Almighty Allah S.W.T., the Lord of this universe, for the great wonderful blessing and the graceful gift in her life. Sholawat and Salam are always for our Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.

The writer would like extend her deepest gratitude to Mrs. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M. as the first advisor and Mrs. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M. Si. As the second advisor, for their guidance, valuable comments, constructive criticism and advice during the completion of this thesis.

The great regard and gratitude are given to the writer’s beloved mother “Riskiyah”, and father “Muhammad Zahid” who always give advice, pray, support, endless love, and everything that she cannot mention it. “She loves you with all her soul”. Her brother “Ferly” and her sister in law “Ismi” thanks for your support, attention, and advice to the writer.

Special thanks to her beloved “Nurris Silmi” who pushed a lot to complete this thesis, thanks for all the time, support and love that you gave to her. The writer also thanks to all of her friends, Ita, Dessy, Ulva, Airani, Yuli, Qisthin, Ayu, Novi for their helps and supports. All her friends in boarding house “Ngatinem.com”, Erma, Rika, Rinda, Yeni, Sevia, Kak Ama thanks for the care, love and laugh and all my friends that she cannot mention one by one, thank you for being such a nice friend.

Malang, August 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ... i

LEGALIZATION ... ii

MOTTO & DEDICATION ... iii

ABSTRACT . ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE 1.1. Background of Study ... 1

1.2. Statement of Problem ... 4

1.3. Purpose of Study ... 5

1.4. Significance of Study ... 5

1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6. Definition of Key Terms ... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1. Literature ... 7

2.2. Film ... 8

2.3. Kinds of Film ... 10

2.3.2. Comedy Film ... 10

2.3.3. Crime Film ... 10

2.3.4. Drama Film ... 10

2.3.5. Historical Film ... 11

2.3.6. Horror Film ... 11

2.3.7. Musical Film ... 11

2.3.8. War film ... 11

2.4. Elements of Film ... 12

2.4.1. Plot ... 12

2.4.2. Setting ... 14

2.4.3. Character, Characteristic, and Characterization ... 15

2.4.4. Conflict ... 17

2.4.5. Theme ... 18

2.5. Culture Shock ... 18

2.5.1. Elements Contributing to Culture Shock ... 20

2.6. Language Shock ... 21

2.6.1. Types of Language Shock ... 25

2.6.2. The Stages of Language Shock ... 26

2.6.3. The Effect of Language ... 28

2.6.4. The Ways to Overcome Language Shock ... 29

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METODHOLOGY 3.1. Research Design ... 30

3.2. Approach ... 31

3.3. Object of Study ... 33

3.4. Data Collection ... 33

3.5. Data Analysis ... 34

CHAPTER IV: FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Finding ... 35

4.1.1. Language Shock Faced by Viktor Navorski as European Traveler to America ... 35

4.1.2. The Effect of Language Shock Faced by Viktor Navorski as European Traveler to America ... 45

4.1.3. The ways Viktor Navorski Solved His Language Shock as European Traveler to America ... 50

4.2. Discussion ... 58

4.3. Lesson ... 60

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion ... 61

5.2. Suggestion ... 62

BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M.H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Seventh Edition. USA: Thomson Learning Inc.

Andrew Cohen. 2012. What Are Cultural Barriers?. (Online). (http://culturebarrier/youl2 info_7888574_cultural-barriers.html.) Accessed on January 10, 2012 at 8.07 p.m.

Arp, Thomas R and Johnson, Greg. 2006. Literature: structure, sound, and sense. Ninth edition. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Ary, Donald, et al. 2006. Introduction to Research in Education. seventh edition. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Beaty, Jerome, et al. 2002. The Norton Introduction to Literature. USA: W.W. Norton & Company.

Corey, Melinda and Ochoa, George. 2002. The American Film Institute Desk Reference. USA: A Stonesong Press Production

Creswell, John W. 2009. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Third edition. USA: Sage Publication.

Eagleton, Terry. 1996. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Second Edition. Australia: Blackwell Publishing.

Gordon, Jane Bachman and Kuehner, Karen. 1999. Fiction: the elements of the short story. USA: National Public Company.

Hile, Pat. 2001. Language Shock, Culture Shock and How to Cope. Mission Strategy Bulletin, New Series, Volume 7, Number 2. (Online). (http://bible.ovu.edu/missions/msb/culshock.htm.) Accessed on January 23, 2012 at 15.23 p.m.

Hornby, A.S. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jakobs, Sabine, et al. 2009. Language in the Context of Culture Shock: An Analysis of Five Handbooks for Exchange Students. Unpublished MA Thesis. USA. Intercultural Communication: English Language and Culture.

Klarer, Mario. 2004. An Introduction to Literary Studies. Second Edition. New York: Routledge.

Manz, Sonja. 2005. Culture Shock-Cause, Consequences and Solution:The International Experience. Intercultural Management. November 11th.

Meyer, Michael. 1990. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Second edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Miller, Paul Chamnness and Endo, Hidehiro. 2004. Understanding and Meeting the Needs of ESL Students. Phi Delta Kappan: 787

Oberg, Kalervo. 1954. Culture Shock. Presented to the women’s club of Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil.

Pratiwi, Putri Martya Candra. 2011. An Analysis of Walt Kowalski’s cultural shocks

in “Gran Torino” Movie. Unpublished thesis. Malang: University of

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Schmidt, Jan Zlotnik, et al. 2005. Legacies: Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Third edition. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Schumann, John H. 1986. Research on the Acculturation Model for Second Language Acquisition. Journal of multilingual and multicultural development. Vol. 7, No. 5, 1986.

Si, Fan. 2010. Language Shock: A Challenge to Language Learning. The International Journal - Language Society and Culture University of Tasmania: 42

UK Council for International Students Affairs. 2008. International Students and Culture Shock.

Vesajoki, Funlayo. 2002. The Effects of Globalization on Culture. A Study of the Experiences of Globalization among Finnish Travelers. Unpublished Thesis. Jyväskylä. University of Jyväskylä Department of Ethnology Jyväskylä. Wijanarko, Happy. 2009. A Study on the Differences of Culture Between West and

East Found in “Shanghai Noon” Film. Unpublished thesis. Malang:

University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language#Language_and_culture. (Accessed on March 10, 2012 at 14.00 p.m).

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I of this research presents such topics as background of study, statement of problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1 Background of the Study

According to Meyer (1990: 3), literature is a “fiction consisting of carefully arranged words designed to stir the imagination.” Meanwhile, Eagleton defined literature as “’imaginative’ writing in the sense of fiction-writing which is not literally true” (1996:1). Another definition of literature is given by Beaty, et al (2002), he defined literature as any kind of organized human expression, from ballet to advertising that can be “read” in ways similar to the ways we read a story or a poem.

Based on the definition of literature given by some experts, there is a unique phenomenon in our surrounding related to literary work. Some people think that literary works is something that is very unattractive and boring. It is because most of languages in literary works use figurative language, so it is difficult enough to understand its meaning. Another people say that literary works waste their leisure time. This group believes that literary work is just imagination and fantasy of the writer and it cannot be linked in real life. Those are the reasons why some people do not like literary works. On the other hand, some people really like literary works

2

because they believe that through literary works we can get knowledge about the cultural, social, and new environments that we do not know before. They believe that there is always a value and the messages contained in the literary works itself. It is in line with Connoly (in Koesnosoebroto, 1988) when describing the reasons for reading literature, he describes that people read literary work because of a hunger for information about everything, or amusement, or solace. People read literary work to discover themselves and their world, to infer their role in the universe, and to learn the meaning of struggle. In other words, we want to share experience.

Languages used in literary works have an aesthetic value that makes the reader feel interesting or pleasure. By feeling the beauty of literary works, the message contained in the literary works will be conveyed to the reader. It is in line with the characteristics of literature that is giving a lesson for the readers through the beauty of languages.

There are several kinds of literary works, such as: poem, drama, short story and novel.Drama is different from short stories, poetry and novels. The differences are not only visible from the form of presentation, but also they can be seen from the way and the media used to convey a message to the audience. Nevertheless, drama has some similarities with the film. Drama and film are both played by several actors who have different roles to each other. Drama and film use dialogues to convey what message to be conveyed by the director. Drama and film also have the same structure that is equally built up of characters, setting, plot, dialogue, theme, etc.

Film is an event that most preferred by people ranging from children to adults. Recently, film seems become one of the parts that is inseparable from human life.

3

Besides as entertainment, a film also contained significant values such as: social message, moral message, educational, religious, etc. It makes film grow and thrive in different parts of the world.

Currently, film has become one of the media as delivering a message, whether it is verbal or nonverbal messages. It happens because basically the film made with a specific purpose and then the results are shown to the big screen or television.

Film is not only telling us about love, friendship, adventure, suffering, religion etc., but also bringing our imagination about different cultures, languages, customs and conditions of people through the description of human life. As it is known that every country has its language and culture. Therefore, talking about cultural differences is fairly complicated problem.

Anthropologist Oberg (1954) defined culture shock as a mental illness that can cause anxiety as a result from losing all our familiar cues and symbols of social intercourse. Culture shock can affect anyone who has travelled abroad to work, live, study or holiday. Entering new and foreign environment, meeting lots of new people and learning the ways of a different country are quite difficult to be accepted quickly so that it can lead to the culture shock.

Communication, language, and culture cannot be separated. Culturally, different patterns of communication are a common cause of misunderstanding and can be a source of discomfort in cross-cultural situation, Tomalin and Stempleski (1993).

Language is intimately associated with the culture. Therefore language cannot be separated in people’s life. Language which is an essential component in a culture

4

is a major aspect that can lead to culture shock. In other words, “Language shock is “the anxiety an immigrant experiences when first entering a community in which he or she does not speak, or is not proficient in the dominant language”, Miller and Endo (2004:787).

By watching foreign films we can learn about the cultures, languages and customs of another country. It is very useful if someday we want to visit other countries, we would not be shocked with the cultures and languages, so we can quickly adapt to new environments. It will also help us to add our insights about what should we do when facing a difficult situation such as language shock of the foreign.

Based on the explanation above, the writer of this study is interested in conducting research entitled An Analysis of Language Shock Faced by Viktor Navorski as European Traveler to America in Steven Spielberg's Film "The Terminal".

1.2 Statements of the Problem

Based on the background which has been discussed, this study is conducted to answer the following questions:

a. What are the language shocks faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”?

b. What are the effects of language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”?

5

1.3 Purposes of the Study

Based on the basic of the statement of problem above, the purposes of this study are formulated as follows:

a. To describe the language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”.

b. To investigate the effects of language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”. c. To explain how Viktor Navorski overcome his language shock as

European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study is expected to have significance for some fields, they are:

a. To the learners and teachers of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, this study will give lessons about literary works, especially films. From the story of the film, they will gain experience and new insights about something without spending a long time and moving from one place.

b. For the teaching of English, literary works, especially films, can be used as a means of learning about something that is not previously known such as the culture, religion, and language that is owned by another country. In addition, films can be used as a unique and creative medium of learning English in the classroom. Through the film, we can learn many things

6

without spending a long time, so that the activities of teaching and learning English is more interesting and effective.

c. To the society, this thesis will give them some information about the importance of learning another language, especially English which is an international language. As we know, it would be useful if the people want to visit other countries that have different languages of native country. Therefore, people can avoid the potential bad things that will occur due to language shock.

d. To the next researcher, this thesis is expected to be an additional literature to examine the same research next time.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this study is the discussion of the language shock found in the film by Steven Spielberg “The Terminal” and the limitation of this study is language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in the film “The Terminal”.

1.6 Definition of key Term

The definition of the key terms are used to avoid misunderstanding for the readers in using the terms which exist in this study. The term that need to be defined are as follows:

7

a. Analysis is the process of breaking down a something into its parts to learn what they do and how they relate to one another (http://www.yourdictionary.com/analysis)

b. Language shock is an inability to use foreign language experiencing by people who have travelled abroad to work, live or study which has different language from the own native language.

c. Shock is a feeling disturbed surprise resulting from a sudden upsetting event.

d. Effect is a result of something that produces a specific impression

e. Film is a story recorded on the film to be shown in the cinema. (Longman, 1987: 330)

f. Viktor Navorski is the main character of the film “The Terminal” who experienced language shock.

g. Steven Spielberg is the director of the film “The Terminal”.

2

because they believe that through literary works we can get knowledge about the cultural, social, and new environments that we do not know before. They believe that there is always a value and the messages contained in the literary works itself. It is in line with Connoly (in Koesnosoebroto, 1988) when describing the reasons for reading literature, he describes that people read literary work because of a hunger for information about everything, or amusement, or solace. People read literary work to discover themselves and their world, to infer their role in the universe, and to learn the meaning of struggle. In other words, we want to share experience.

Languages used in literary works have an aesthetic value that makes the reader feel interesting or pleasure. By feeling the beauty of literary works, the message contained in the literary works will be conveyed to the reader. It is in line with the characteristics of literature that is giving a lesson for the readers through the beauty of languages.

There are several kinds of literary works, such as: poem, drama, short story and novel.Drama is different from short stories, poetry and novels. The differences are not only visible from the form of presentation, but also they can be seen from the way and the media used to convey a message to the audience. Nevertheless, drama has some similarities with the film. Drama and film are both played by several actors who have different roles to each other. Drama and film use dialogues to convey what message to be conveyed by the director. Drama and film also have the same structure that is equally built up of characters, setting, plot, dialogue, theme, etc.

Film is an event that most preferred by people ranging from children to adults. Recently, film seems become one of the parts that is inseparable from human life.

3

Besides as entertainment, a film also contained significant values such as: social message, moral message, educational, religious, etc. It makes film grow and thrive in different parts of the world.

Currently, film has become one of the media as delivering a message, whether it is verbal or nonverbal messages. It happens because basically the film made with a specific purpose and then the results are shown to the big screen or television.

Film is not only telling us about love, friendship, adventure, suffering, religion etc., but also bringing our imagination about different cultures, languages, customs and conditions of people through the description of human life. As it is known that every country has its language and culture. Therefore, talking about cultural differences is fairly complicated problem.

Anthropologist Oberg (1954) defined culture shock as a mental illness that can cause anxiety as a result from losing all our familiar cues and symbols of social intercourse. Culture shock can affect anyone who has travelled abroad to work, live, study or holiday. Entering new and foreign environment, meeting lots of new people and learning the ways of a different country are quite difficult to be accepted quickly so that it can lead to the culture shock.

Communication, language, and culture cannot be separated. Culturally, different patterns of communication are a common cause of misunderstanding and can be a source of discomfort in cross-cultural situation, Tomalin and Stempleski (1993).

Language is intimately associated with the culture. Therefore language cannot be separated in people’s life. Language which is an essential component in a culture

4

is a major aspect that can lead to culture shock. In other words, “Language shock is “the anxiety an immigrant experiences when first entering a community in which he or she does not speak, or is not proficient in the dominant language”, Miller and Endo (2004:787).

By watching foreign films we can learn about the cultures, languages and customs of another country. It is very useful if someday we want to visit other countries, we would not be shocked with the cultures and languages, so we can quickly adapt to new environments. It will also help us to add our insights about what should we do when facing a difficult situation such as language shock of the foreign.

Based on the explanation above, the writer of this study is interested in conducting research entitled An Analysis of Language Shock Faced by Viktor Navorski as European Traveler to America in Steven Spielberg's Film "The Terminal".

1.2 Statements of the Problem

Based on the background which has been discussed, this study is conducted to answer the following questions:

a. What are the language shocks faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”?

b. What are the effects of language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”?

5 1.3 Purposes of the Study

Based on the basic of the statement of problem above, the purposes of this study are formulated as follows:

a. To describe the language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”.

b. To investigate the effects of language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”. c. To explain how Viktor Navorski overcome his language shock as

European traveler to America in Steven Spielberg’s film “The Terminal”

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study is expected to have significance for some fields, they are:

a. To the learners and teachers of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, this study will give lessons about literary works, especially films. From the story of the film, they will gain experience and new insights about something without spending a long time and moving from one place.

b. For the teaching of English, literary works, especially films, can be used as a means of learning about something that is not previously known such as the culture, religion, and language that is owned by another country. In addition, films can be used as a unique and creative medium of learning English in the classroom. Through the film, we can learn many things

6

without spending a long time, so that the activities of teaching and learning English is more interesting and effective.

c. To the society, this thesis will give them some information about the importance of learning another language, especially English which is an international language. As we know, it would be useful if the people want to visit other countries that have different languages of native country. Therefore, people can avoid the potential bad things that will occur due to language shock.

d. To the next researcher, this thesis is expected to be an additional literature to examine the same research next time.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this study is the discussion of the language shock found in the film by Steven Spielberg “The Terminal” and the limitation of this study is language shock faced by Viktor Navorski as European traveler to America in the film “The Terminal”.

1.6 Definition of key Term

The definition of the key terms are used to avoid misunderstanding for the readers in using the terms which exist in this study. The term that need to be defined are as follows:

7

a. Analysis is the process of breaking down a something into its parts to learn what they do and how they relate to one another (http://www.yourdictionary.com/analysis)

b. Language shock is an inability to use foreign language experiencing by people who have travelled abroad to work, live or study which has different language from the own native language.

c. Shock is a feeling disturbed surprise resulting from a sudden upsetting event.

d. Effect is a result of something that produces a specific impression

e. Film is a story recorded on the film to be shown in the cinema. (Longman, 1987: 330)

f. Viktor Navorski is the main character of the film “The Terminal” who experienced language shock.

g. Steven Spielberg is the director of the film “The Terminal”.