AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURE SHOCK FACED BY ERASMUS MUNDUS STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

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AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURE SHOCK FACED BY ERASMUS

MUNDUS STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH

MALANG IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

THESIS

By:

VANNY ARMITHA

08360059

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on July 29th, 2013

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah, the beneficent and the merciful. All praises be to Allah, the lord of the worlds, who has given the blessing, health, strength and wonderful life, who always hears my pray, and gives me power, patience, and fluency in completing this study.

Many great thanks addressed to my best advisors, Drs. Estu Widodo, M.Hum and Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd for their times, advices, patience, and motivation. The best thanks also goes to all the lecturers of English department of University of Muhammadiyah Malang for teaching, guiding, and educating me.

Finally, special thank is delivered to my beloved father (Joko Srisoko), mother (Katini), grandmother (Aminah), sisters (Dima and Erlin), Aunt (Sihati), Uncle (Wasito Adi), and cousin (Sindi) and my beloved Bryan Noviastanto who always support me who always support and pray the best for me. Thanks also to my best frieds mbak Atin, mbak Mega, Feinna, Billy, Reza, Cwa, mbak Mita, Niken, Endah, Yuni, my subjects mas Agus, Astri, mbak Dian, mbak Izzah and Dana who help me in data collection process, and all my friends that I cannot mention one by one who are always there and color my life. (Keep on spirit and do the best for you life guys!)

Malang, July 2013

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

APPROVAL ………. i

LEGALIZATION ……… ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ……….. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………... iv

ABSTRACT ………. v

TABLE OF CONTENT ……….. vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ……… 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ……… 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study ……….. 4

1.4 Significance of the Study ……… 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation ……….. 4

1.6 Definition of Key Terms ……… 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Definition of Culture ……… 6

2.2 The Definition of Culture Diversity ……… 7

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2.4 Types of Culture Shock ……… 10

2.4.1 Culture Shock of a Brand New Culture ………. 10

2.4.1.1 Culture Shock on Weather ……… 10

2.4.1.2 Culture Shock on Food ……… 11

2.4.1.3 Culture Shock on Language ……… 11

2.4.1.4 Culture Shock on Education System ………. 11

2.4.1.5 Culture Shock on Social Life ………. 12

2.4.1.6 Culture Shock on Habit ………. 12

2.4.2 Reserve Culture Shock ……….. 13

2.5 Stages of Culture Shock ……….. 13

2.5.1 Honeymoon Stage ……….. 13

2.5.2 Negotiation Stage ……… 14

2.5.3 Adjustment Stage ……… 15

2.5.4 Mastery Stage ………. 16

2.5 Cultural Adaptation ……….. 16

2.5.1 Models of Culture Adaptation ……… 17

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2.5.1.2 The U-Curve Model ……… 17

2.5.1.3 The Transition Model ……… 19

2.5.1.4 The Communication-System Model ……… 22

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ……… 24

3.2 Population of Sample ……… 25

3.3 Method of Collecting Data ………. 25

3.4 Procedure of Collecting Data ………. 26

3.5 Data Analysis ………... 27

CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings ……… 28

4.1.1 Culture Shock Faced by the Erasmus Mundus Students ………. 28

4.1.1.1 Culture Shock on Weather ……… 28

4.1.1.2 Culture Shock on Food ………. 29

4.1.1.3 Culture Shock on Language ………. 30

4.1.1.4 Culture Shock on Education System ……… 31

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4.1.1.6 Culture Shock on Habit ……….. 33

4.1.2 The Way They Solved the Culture Shock ……….. 34

4.1.2.1 Solved the Culture Shock on Weather ……… 34

4.1.2.2 Solved the Culture Shock on Food ……….. 35

4.1.2.3 Solved the Culture Shock on Language ……….. 35

4.1.2.4 Solved the Culture Shock on Education System ………… 39

4.1.2.5 Solved the Culture Shock on Social Life ……… 39

4.1.2.6 Solved the Culture Shock on Habit ………. 40

4.3 Discussion ……… 40

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusion ……… 42

5.2 Suggestion ………. 43

5.2.1 Suggestion for the Students ……… 43

5.2.2 Suggestion for English Department Students ……… 44

5.2.3 Suggestion for University of Muhammadiyah Malang ………. 44

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REFERENCE

APPENDIX 1 : The Result of Interview

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REFERENCE

Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Wadsworth Group: United State of America

Doherty & Chelladurai (in Claussen, Jae Ko, Rinehart, 2008 )

(http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/emotions/culture_shock.html on , July

24, 2012 on 11.35).

Matsumoto, David. 1996. culture and psychology. Books/Cole Publishing Company:USA

Diller, Jerry v. 1999. Cultural Diversity: A Primer for The Human Services. Wadsworth Publishing Company: United Kingdom

http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/erasmus_mundus/programme/about_erasmus_mundus_en.p hp

Thursday on 17:14

Levine, Deena R and Adelma B. Mara.1982. Beyond Language: Intercultural Communication, Experiences in Contexts. The McGraw-hill companies, Inc. Martin, Judith N and Nakayama, Thomas K. 2000. Intercultural Communication in

Context: Second edition. California: Mayfield Publishing Company Oberg, lalervo. Dr,2009. Culture Shock. Wikipedia

Roshan.2002. Cultural Heritage Institute. www.roshan-institute.org/474552

Shulman, Myra. 2001. Culture Shock in Contrast. The University of Michigan press: United State of America

Smith. 2002. The Cycle of Cross-cultural Adaptation and Reentry

Shiraev, Eric and David Levy. 2007. Cross Cultural Psycology. Pearson Education, Inc: United State of America

Wanning, Esther. 2008. Culture shock! A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshal Cavendish

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1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Chapter I of this research presents such as: background of study, statement of problems, purpose of study, and significance of study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows:

1.1Background of Study

Culture is something that cannot be separated from the life of a nation. In the daily life of a country's society, culture is also used as identity of a country. It is as the existence of a nation in the eyes of other nations. It is something that reflects what kind of country it is. Culture includes behavior, norms, customs, beliefs and others that would always be passed down from generation to generation and it continues. Matsumoto (1996:16) states that culture is a set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one generation to the next. Culture becomes something important to be maintained, so it not to be affected by other cultures who come from outside that sometimes do not correspond to the original culture of a country, remember about the growing development of international cooperation between countries to facilitate the entry of a new culture of a country. Therefore, the matters relating to culture are always considered as something sacred and honorable.

In the current era of globalization, cooperation among countries is not only in economy field but also in the education field. In education we know about student

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exchange, where many students from abroad studying in Indonesia and vice versa. The students often have difficulty staying in another country because of cultural differences. Each country has different cultures, not only in terms of customs, language, or the environment but also about other things as mentioned in the Diller (1999: 14) cultural differences exist in values, styles of communication, the perception of time, the meaning of health, community, and so on. It is also stated by Fitriani (2011) actually, each country, island and city has different culture because people who live in one place will live with their own way, their own habit and custom.

Because of these differences then this often leads to culture shock in students from one country who study to other countries. Putri (2011) states that living in different country means that we will get something new from our new living. The differences of the culture in foreign country may visible and may cause big opportunity of people in getting culture shock in the new place. This happens because they are unfamiliar with the environment and the customs of the countries they visit. This is not a disease but a natural thing and can happen to anyone.

Culture shock is a state of disorientation that anyone can come over who has been thrust into unknown surroundings, away from one's comfort zone (Wanning, 2008). Someone who is not familiar to new environment where he likely feels strange on the things that he does not consider as same as where he came from will lead to frequent misunderstandings and inconvenience of going around habits. Diller (1999:14) states that the most difficult, is accepting cultural ways and values are at

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odds with that our own. Therefore, people who experience culture shock will feel isolated because it is difficult to adapt to his new environment.

Erasmus Mundus is kind of scholarship program which aims to enhance quality in higher education through scholarship and academic cooperation between Europe and the rest of the world. Erasmus Mundus comprises three actions, Erasmus Mundus Joint Programmes, Erasmus Mundus Partnerships, and Attractiveness Projects. Erasmus Mundus Joint Programmes funds a number of scholars studying or teaching in Erasmus Mundus master courses. The scholarships cover participation costs, subsistence cost and insurance for the duration of the study period. Many students have the right the right to a contribution to travel costs. Erasmus Mundus Partnerships bring together higher education institutions from Europe on the one hand and from a particular region in the world on the other. Scholarships cover participation costs, subsistence cost, insurance for the duration of the study period, plus a contribution to travel costs. Attractiveness Projects Erasmus Mundus is project to enhance the attractiveness and visibility of European higher education worldwide. Activities focus in particular on the international dimension of higher education, often targeting a particular region or academic discipline.

University of Muhammadiyah Malang be one of the universities in Indonesia are cooperating with European countries in education through Erasmus Mundus program. Many students have attended this program, but they faced many difficulties in adapting to their new environment, and it makes culture shock for them. Hence, the researcher wants to know what culture shock they faced is and how they solve it.

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1.2Statement of Problems

1. What are culture shocks faced by Erasmus Mundus students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in European countries?

2. How do Erasmus Mundus students in European countries deal with their culture shock?

1.3Purpose of Study

1. To find culture shock faced by Erasmus Mundus students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in European countries

2. To know how the Erasmus Mundus students deal with their culture shock

1.4Significance of Study

It is hoped that the result of this research will be useful for the readers, University of Muhammadiyah students, and lectures. for the readers and students it will give them information about culture shock they will faced if they go abroad and the guidance how to solve the culture shock so they will know what to be prepared. For the lectures it will give more knowledge for material in Cross Culture Understanding subject.

1.5Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is focused on the culture shock. And the limitation of this study is Erasmus Mundus students of University Muhammadiyah Malang in European countries.

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1.6Definition of Key Terms

Culture: is a set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one generation to the next (Matsumoto,1996)

Culture shock: is a state of disorientation that anyone can come over who has been thrust into unknown surroundings, away from one's comfort zone (Wanning, 2008).

Erasmus Mundus: is kind of scholarship program which aims to enhance quality in higher education through scholarship and academic cooperation between

Europe and the rest of the world

(http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/erasmus_mundus/programme/about_erasmus_mundus_

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REFERENCE

Ary, Donald. 2002. Introduction to Research in Education. Wadsworth Group: United State of America

Doherty & Chelladurai (in Claussen, Jae Ko, Rinehart, 2008 )

(http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/emotions/culture_shock.html on , July 24, 2012 on 11.35).

Matsumoto, David. 1996. culture and psychology. Books/Cole Publishing Company:USA

Diller, Jerry v. 1999. Cultural Diversity: A Primer for The Human Services. Wadsworth Publishing Company: United Kingdom

http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/erasmus_mundus/programme/about_erasmus_mundus_en.p hp

Thursday on 17:14

Context: Second edition. California: Mayfield Publishing Company Oberg, lalervo. Dr,2009. Culture Shock. Wikipedia

Roshan.2002. Cultural Heritage Institute. www.roshan-institute.org/474552

Shulman, Myra. 2001. Culture Shock in Contrast. The University of Michigan press: United State of America

Smith. 2002. The Cycle of Cross-cultural Adaptation and Reentry

Shiraev, Eric and David Levy. 2007. Cross Cultural Psycology. Pearson Education, Inc: United State of America

Wanning, Esther. 2008. Culture shock! A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshal Cavendish

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1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of Study

In the current era of globalization, cooperation among countries is not only in economy field but also in the education field. In education we know about student

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odds with that our own. Therefore, people who experience culture shock will feel isolated because it is difficult to adapt to his new environment.

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1.2Statement of Problems

1. What are culture shocks faced by Erasmus Mundus students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in European countries?

2. How do Erasmus Mundus students in European countries deal with their culture shock?

1.3Purpose of Study

1. To find culture shock faced by Erasmus Mundus students of University of Muhammadiyah Malang in European countries

2. To know how the Erasmus Mundus students deal with their culture shock

1.4Significance of Study

1.5Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study is focused on the culture shock. And the limitation of this study is Erasmus Mundus students of University Muhammadiyah Malang in European countries.

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1.6Definition of Key Terms

Culture: is a set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one generation to the next (Matsumoto,1996)

Culture shock: is a state of disorientation that anyone can come over who has been thrust into unknown surroundings, away from one's comfort zone (Wanning, 2008).

Erasmus Mundus: is kind of scholarship program which aims to enhance quality in higher education through scholarship and academic cooperation between

Europe and the rest of the world

(http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/erasmus_mundus/programme/about_erasmus_mundus_ en.php)

AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURE SHOCK FACED BY ERASMUS MUNDUS STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES