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worksheets showed how the induction and closure technique conducted in the English language teaching affected their mastery. The worksheets from the
experimental and control classes were compared and therefore there was an indication how actually induction and closure technique affected the students’
English mastery. 3.
Interview checklist: Meanwhile, the interview checklist covered the questions needed to be
asked in the interviews. The checklist was only used as a guide for the researcher to conduct the interviews; the questions might be changed or developed during the
interviews by paying attention to any incidental matters to ask. By conducting these instruments, the data gathered were systematic and
easier to analyze. Those instruments; the classroom observation sheets, students’ worksheets and interview checklist, were used to answer the first and second
questions in the problem formulation since they covered the application and effect of the induction and closure technique.
D. Data Gathering Technique
In gathering the data, the researcher conducted four techniques, namely, library research, classroom observation, test and interview.
1. Library Research:
The library research was conducted in the library of Sanata Dharma University and in some bookstores, which provide relevant books for the
application of induction and closure technique in English language teaching. The
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library research was also conducted in the form of internet studies. It was conducted in some internet centers enabling the writer to access some websites
which are relevant to the study. As mentioned previously, this research became the basis of the following instruments and data analysis.
2. Classroom Observation:
The classroom observation was conducted in SMK BOPKRI Wates, Yogyakarta. This observation was conducted in sixteen class meetings for two
classes; eight meetings for each class. Three meetings were used for pre-test, post- test 1, and post-test 2. Five meetings were used for the process of English
language teaching as well as the induction and closure technique application. The observation paid attention to observe what induction and closure technique the
teacher used and how it affected students in learning English. The categorizations on the application of induction technique are as described as follows:
a. Teacher related the previously-learned subject and the subject going to be
learned b.
Teacher stimulated the students to focus to the subject or topic going to be learned
c. Teacher introduced the activities and objectives of the teaching-learning
going to be conducted Meanwhile, the categorizations on the application of closure technique are
as described as follows: a.
Teacher made a review on the topic learned b.
Teacher encouraged students for further learning
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c. Teacher informed the students what they are going to learn in the next
meeting Another categorization, observed in this research, was how the induction
and closure technique affects the student’s understanding on English. The observation also focused on the students’ response, whether they were interested,
motivated, and focused to the materials being learned or not. This also involved the learning environment and others third-party objects which might be related
and connected with the research. The categorizations observed may change as long as the induction and closure technique conducted was proven to be effective
to foster students’ English mastery. 3. Tests:
The tests were conducted in the forms of pre-test and post-tests. The pre test was conducted in the beginning of the research. This test was aimed to
determine the students’ English skills background. Meanwhile, the post-tests were aimed to see how the application of induction and closure technique affected the
students’ learning. The post-tests were conducted twice; after the first three meetings and after the last two meetings since the two classes took turns in
playing the role as experimental and control class after the fourth meeting. Therefore, the researcher could compare the result when each class experienced
experimental and control classes by considering each test result.. 4. Interviews:
Meanwhile, the interviews were held after the post-test 1 and post-test 2. There were only four students chosen as the interviewees; two students for each
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class. The main focus of the interview is to check whether the reason and purpose of the induction and closure technique; the expectation to the students’ learning
achievement from the induction and closure technique were in line with the students’ opinion or not and whether the sets of induction and closure technique
conducted in the lessons really worked well for them and helped them in raising interest and motivation in learning and understanding the skills and materials
learned or not. The researcher used the techniques of library research, classroom
observation and interviews to answer the first question in the problem formulation. While to answer the second question the researcher used the library
research, classroom observation, interviews and tests.
E. Data Analysis
