13 Look at the figure 1. People who see this object might say that it is just
an unreal object. There are only splotches of light and dark. It can be difficult to realize or perceive that these splotches of light and dark can be a real pattern. In
this condition the process of selection happens to help people to have a picture of mind toward the object so that they can see it from different angle. The ability to
focus their attention to an angle to understand the meaning of the whole picture will help them to perceive the identified object.
“If we look at the figure long enough, our brain will arrange the stimulus into a recognizable object so that you will see a real pattern” Huffman, 2007:
108. Based on the figure 1, when the selecting process happens people might see a real picture of a cow but people also can see other things according to their own
perception. It is based on which spot people give and focus their attention. It means that the result of perceiving the same object can be varies for every one.
b. Organizing
The second step of perceiving an object is organizing. According to Hornby, A.S 2000: 932 organizing is arranging for something to happen or to be
provided. In this case, it is a process of arranging abstract object or random spot into a shape. Related to the figure 2.1, organizing happens after people focusing
their sight. This process helps them to arrange the random spot into a line that is continued to one another. It influences the final result of perceiving object.
Therefore, if we spend enough time to stare at the figure 2.1. We can see a real figure as follows:
14
Figure 2.2 Organize splotches into a real pattern Huffman. 2000: 108 Related to this study, after experiencing the real use of Text-based
syllabus to teach English, hopefully, teachers can organize their impression toward the use of Text-based syllabus then give their opinion in accordance with
the real condition of teaching-learning process. In other words, English teachers are suggested to give their perception toward the use of Text-based syllabus
objectively so that their opinion can be used as a reflection.
c. Interpreting data
After selecting data through the incoming stimulus and organizing it into a pattern, the brain uses this information to explain and make judgment about the
real pattern Huffman, 2000: 107. The action of making judgment about a condition is what-so called as interpreting. Therefore, perceiving does not
suddenly occur in a condition and situation but it needs a process. Besides, perception is very personal because the process of perceiving can be influenced by
15 personal experiences, cultural factors, and personal motivation and frame of
reference.
2. Factors of Perception
According to Robbins 1997a, perception is influenced by three factors. They are perceiver, target that being observed, and context of situation in which
the perception is made. 1.
Perceiver The interpretation of a perceiver is influenced by personal charateristic.
The personal characteristic includes attitudes, personality, motives, interest, past experience, expectation, emotions and needs Robbins, 1997b.
Past experience is the most influencing factor of perception. It is because past experienc leads perceiver to have an expectation, which will influence their
perception. Besides, the emotion and interest also play as a crucial factor in the teaching and learning process. It is because with emotion and high interest the
teaching and learning process will be succeed. 2.
Target The characteristic of the target that are being observed can influence
what is perceived by the perceiver. The relationship betweeen the target with its backgrounds also influences the forming of perception. For example teachers’
perception on the use of teaching media can be very different for teacher who teach in an isolated village and they who teach in a city. It might be influenced by
the need of the use of teaching media itself.
16 3.
Situation Situational context in factor influencing perceptions can be defined as the
context in which the perceiver sees object or event. Time, place, dark, light, and any other situational factors can influence the way people perceive an object. The
perception of a teacher who teach in one school as long as his work time toward students’ motivation in finishing their study might be different from a teacher who
teach not only in one school. It is influnced by the situation of the school in which they spent their time for teaching.
The theory helps the researcher to find out some causes that make the respondent have such perception toward the use of Text-based syllabus in English
teaching-learning process.
3. The nature of Text-Based syllabus
As Text-based syllabus is part of the implementation of the School-based Curriculum Development, the teachers need to understand what is meant by
SBCD. Therefore, in this research, the SBCD and Text-based syllabus will be discussed.
a. School-based Curriculum Development “
Curriculum refers to an area of enquiry in higher education that focuses on what is learned and what should be learned in an educative institution or in a
lesser extends to what is and should be learned institutionalized” Schubert, W. 1986: 4. Curriculum helps the educational institution to decide the material that
17 should be learned by the students. School-based curriculum in Indonesia or it is
called, as KTSP is “an operational curriculum, which is arranged and conducted by each of educational institution or school” Muslich, 2007: 17. It means that
every school has right to develop their syllabus based on the condition and the need of the school. The reason is because every school is considered as the
educational institution that directly gets in touch with the students. “Teachers are given responsibility for developing the curricula and even allowed to develop
their own school curriculum within centrally determines guideline” Brady, 1992: 5. There is a decentralization system so that the curriculum can cover all the
students’ needs optimally in accordance with the environment. Mulyasa 2008: 178 stated that the implementation of KTSP is a process
of implementing opinion, concept, and the curriculum policy in teaching learning activity so that students conquer a bundle of a certain
competency as a result of the interaction with their environment. Based on this theory, it can be seen that trough implementing KTSP
curriculum students are expected to have more skills. It means that the students will have more chance to experience the application of the learning materials.
They will be trained to be more active in learning the subject study. Therefore, the implementation of KTSP will be more useful when it is developed in every
educational institution. It is because teachers who are trusted as the persons who really understand their students’ level of proficiency can arrange the development
of this curriculum. As the result, the teaching-learning process will be more effective. Based on the curriculum, syllabus will be designed to implement it,
18 which is a more detail description of the curriculum for the teaching-learning
process
b. Text-Based syllabus
