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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter consists of two main parts. The first part presents the data obtained from the administration of the test. The second part is discussion. It deals
with answering the research questions.
A. Students Mastery of English Phrasal Verbs
1. Data Presentation
The data presentation is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with the presentation of the students’ achievement in the test. Meanwhile, the
second part is the presentation of the descriptive statistics.
a. The Students’ Achievement in the Test
In this study, a test was used as the instrument to obtain the data to be analyzed. The test was administered to two classes of the sixth semester students
of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University on May 14, 2010. It consisted of three parts. In part I, the total items were 20.
Here, the students were required to fill out the correct spaces with correct particles
to follow the verbs. In part II, in which there were 10 items, the students were
required to put direct objects in correct places either directly after verbs or after particles. Then, in the last part of the test, which also consisted of 10 items, the
students had to match the verbs on parentheses with their synonym in the form of phrasal verbs and put those phrasal verbs in correct places. Thus, the total number
49 of the test was forty items. The detailed information about the students’
achievement in the test is presented as follows.
1 The Students’ Achievement in Each Part of the Test
Table 4.1 shows the students’ scores in Part I of the test. The score for each student was determined by dividing the total correct answers by the total
number of items in Part I, then the result was multiplied by 100.
Table 4.1 The Students’ Scores in Part I of the Test
Range of Scores Number of Students Achieving the Range of Scores
90-100 1
80-89 1
70-79 5
60-69 6
50-59 14
19-10 0 0-9
40-49 11
30-39 9
20-29 3
It can be seen in Table 4.1 that there was only one student 2 who achieved the highest range of scores. However, there was no student 0 whose
score fell on the range of 0 to 9. In addition, there were fourteen students 28 whose scores ranged from 50-59.
Meanwhile, Table 4.2 shows the students’ scores in Part II of the test. From Table 4.2, it was very clear that thirty six students 72 achieved the
highest score. On the other hand, none of the students whose score ranged
50 between 0 and 9. The fact that there were many students with range of scores from
90 to 100 proved that part II of the test was easy for the students. This also implied that the students did not really have problems with putting the direct
objects, both nouns and pronouns, in correct places whether they were before or after the particles of the phrasal verb.
Table 4.2 The Students’ Scores in Part II of the Test
19-10 0 0-9
40-49 30-39
20-29 70-79
2 60-69
50-59 1
Range of Scores Number of Students Achieving the Range of Scores
90-100 36
80-89 11
Then, Table 4.3 shows the result of the students’ scores in Part III of the test. From Table 4.3, it can be seen that there were five students 10 who
achieved the highest score. Meanwhile, there was one student 2 whose score ranged between 0 and 9. In addition, there were 10 students 20 whose scores
fell on the range of scores 30-39. From Table 4.3, it can be concluded that the difficulty of the test was average.
51
Table 4.3 The Students’ Scores in Part III of the Test Range of Scores
Number of Students Achieving the Range of Scores
90-100 5
80-89 2
70-79 5
60-69 4
50-59 5
19-10 1 0-9
1 40-49
9 30-39
10 20-29
8
2 The Students’ Achievement in the Whole Part of the Test
The final score for each student was obtained by dividing the total correct answers in three parts of the test by the total number of items, after that the result
was multiplied by 100. In other words, the total correct answers achieved by each student were divided by forty. The result was then multiplied by 100. The data of
the final scores achieved by the students are presented in Table 4.4.
Table 4.4 The Students’ Final Scores in the Whole Part of the Test Range of Scores
Number of Students Achieving the Range of Scores
90-100 1
80-89 1
70-79 9
60-69 10
50-59 19
19-10 0 0-9
40-49 8
30-39 2
20-29
52 Table 4.4 shows that there were nineteen students 38 whose scores
ranged from 60 to 69. There was only one student 2 whose score fell on the range of 90-100, the highest score. However, there was no student whose score
fell on the range of 0 to 9, the lowest score. The lowest score achieved by one student 2 fell on the range of 30 to 39.
As it is written in Peraturan Akademik Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta 2002: 14, 56 of total score is stated to be the minimum standard of
mastery or to pass with sufficient level. The complete scoring is listed as follows.
Score Category
80-100 Very good
A 70-79 Good
B 56-69 Sufficient
C 50-55 Insufficient
D 49
Fail E
The scoring category above was applied to classify the students’ achievement in the test. Table 4.5 shows the students’ scores in relation to the category.
Table 4.5 The Students’ Scores in Relation to the Category
Score
80-100 70-79
56-69 50-55
49 Poor E
Insufficient D 10
14 Sufficient C
Good B 15
9
Category
Very Good A
Number of Students Achieving the Category
2
53 Referring to Table 4.4, there were two students 4 out of 50 students
becoming the respondents of the research who entered the category of very good. There were fifteen students 30 who fell on the category of sufficient. It means
that the students who achieved the category of sufficient were not until 50 of the total of participants. There were fourteen students 28 who achieved the
category of insufficient. Then, other ten students 20 entered the category of poor. In other words, there were twenty four students 48 out of 50 who failed
in the test because their final score had not reached the category of sufficient and there were twenty six students 52 who passed the test.
3 The Students’ Achievement in Each Type of Phrasal Verbs
As it has been explained before, English phrasal verbs in this research are divided into three types according to the placement of the direct object. They are
the separable phrasal verbs which are divided into two types, optional separation and obligatory separation, and the inseparable phrasal verbs. The test covers those
three types of phrasal verbs. Thus, it is also important to check the students’ achievement for each type of phrasal verbs to find out whether they have mastered
each of the phrasal verbs or not, and to know the most difficult and the easiest type of phrasal verbs.
Table 4.6 The Percentage of the Correct Answers in Each Type of Phrasal Verbs
Inseparable 12 items 600
283 47.17
Optional 13 items 650
433 66.62
Obligatory 15 items 750
460 61.33
Types of Phrasal Verbs Total answers
Total correct answers Percentage
Separable
54 Based on the results of the test, the percentage of the students’
achievement in the phrasal verbs with optional separation was 66.62 . This number was obtained by dividing total correct answers in the items consisting
phrasal verbs with optional separation by the total answers in those items. The total answers of the phrasal verbs with optional separation were determined by
multiplying the total number of sample students by the number of items consisting phrasal verbs with optional separation. The same formula was also used to find
out the percentage of the students’ achievement in the phrasal verbs with obligatory separation and the inseparable phrasal verbs. The percentage of the
students’ achievement in the phrasal verbs with obligatory separation was 61.33.
Meanwhile, the percentage of the students’ achievement in the inseparable phrasal verbs was 47.17. Those numbers show that the percentage of correct
answers for the separable phrasal verbs both optional and obligatory had reached the minimum standard of mastery, which is 56. However, the number of the
percentage of correct answers for the inseparable phrasal verbs had not reached the minimum standard of mastery. This fact revealed that the students’ ability in
using the inseparable phrasal verbs was still low. Those numbers also implied that constructing the separable phrasal verbs was easier for the students compared to
the inseparable phrasal verbs. Table 4.6, however, only presents the percentage of errors in each part.
Since this research focused on the students’ mastery of the separable phrasal verbs and the inseparable phrasal verbs, the researcher also counted the total errors of
55 each type of phrasal verb in each part to know their mastery of the separable and
the inseparable phrasal verbs as shown in Tables 4.7, 4.8, and 4.9.
Table 4.7 The Percentage of the Correct Answers in Each Type of Phrasal Verbs in Part I of the Test
Optional 6 items Obligatory 8 items
Inseparable 6 items 58.67
50.5 37.67
300 113
300 400
176 202
Types of Phrasal Verbs Total Answer
Total correct answers Percentage Separable
The finding, as depicted in Table 4.7, shows that in part I more than half 58.67 of the students could answer the questions which were about the
separable phrasal verbs quite well. In the opposite, no more than 37.67 of students could answer the questions which contained the inseparable phrasal verbs
correctly.
Table 4.8 The Percentage of the Correct Answers in Each Type of Phrasal Verbs in Part II of the Test
Types of Phrasal Verbs Total Answers
Total Correct Answers Percentage
Separable Optional 3 items
150 150
100 Obligatory 4 items
200 197
98.5
Inseparable 3 items 150
104 69.33
Then, in part II, all of the students did not face problem with the separable phrasal verbs, particularly the optional separation. The students could also answer
the items which consist of the inseparable phrasal verbs relatively well as proved
56 by of the percentage of 69.3 as shown in Table 4.8. It is, however, totally different
from part III. In part III, the students merely show low mastery of the separable phrasal verbs as depicted in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9 The Percentage of the Correct Answers in Each Type of Phrasal Verbs in Part III of the Test
Obligatory 3 items 150
61 40.67
Inseparable 3 items 150
66 44
Optional 4 items 200
107 53.5
Types of Phrasal Verbs Total Answers
Total Correct Asnwers Percentage
Separable
b. The Percentage of The Students’ Erroneous in Each Part of the Test