3. Process
In conducting this study, the data are collected through some stages. The first stage is gathering the data for the experimental research. There are two types
of data for the experimental research. The first type is the test score and the second type is the listening strategy questionnaire.
To get the first type data, a pre-test and post-test were conducted to each group experimental and control group. The test items were validated first before
it was used in pre-test. After the pre-test was conducted, the treatment was done and the post-test results were obtained. The post-test data from experimental and
control group are computed in SPSS program. It aims to find the mean difference of listening comprehension test results between experiment and control class after
given the treatment. To get the second type of data, i.e. students’ listening strategy, the
questionnaire of listening strategy was distributed to the students in each group. The questionnaire consists of 35 questions. The questionnaire is in the form of
Likert rating. Before it is administered to the students, a try out was conducted to validate the questionnaire. The questionnaire data are obtained to find out and to
categorize the students’ listening strategy. There are two categorizations: more varied listening strategy and less varied listening strategy. The students who use
more strategy werecategorized into more varied listening strategy while those who use less strategy werecategorized into less varied listening strategy. This
categorization was used to test whether differences exist between the experimental and control group if it is seen from the use of strategy.
The second stage is gathering the data for the qualitative survey research. The data are collected through in-depth interview with four respondents from the
experimental group. In-depth interview is an interview to obtain in-depth information about a participant’s thoughts, beliefs, reasoning, motivations, and
feelings about a topic Johnson and Christensen, 2012: 202. This interview is conducted to support the quantitative findings. In this case, it is to obtain the
information on what the students opinion or feeling about learning listening using FLAP.
E. DATA ANALYSIS
The data obtained in this research need to be analyzed in order to answer the research questions. The data, as mentioned previously, consist of quantitative and
qualitative data. The quantitative data are analyzed using descriptive
andinferential statistics and the qualitative data are analyzed descriptively. The detail of the data analysis are as follows.
1. Descriptive Statistics
Before conducting a hypothesis testing using inferential statistics, I used descriptive statistics first to describe and summarize the data. The data that are
gathered from the students in the forms of test score and listening comprehension score are processed in the SPSS 17 program to obtain some information about the
mean, median, mode, standard deviation, maximum and minimum score. Furthermore, frequency distribution table is also presented to illustrate the
condition of the students’ listening comprehension before and after the treatment. This table shows the categorization of students’ listening comprehension which is
divided into six categories: very poor, poor, fair, good and very good. The
categorization is based on the formula by Sudijono 2009 which take into account the ideal mean Mi and ideal standard deviation SDi of the data as follows.
Figure 3.1 Ideal Mean and Ideal Standard Deviation Sudijono, 2009
The ideal mean Mi can be obtained by adding the highest score and the lowest score, and then divided by two. Meanwhile, the ideal standard deviation
SDi can be obtained by subtracting the highest score from the lowest score, and then divided by five. After that, the criteria can be formulated. The formulation is
also adopted from Sudijono’s quantitative data conversion as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3.2 The Criteria Formulation Sudijono, 2009: 175
The listening comprehension test in the forms of multiple choice test consists of 20 questions with 5 possible answers. The total number of students in
both classes experimental and control class is 60 students. From the Ideal Mean Mi
= maximum score + minimum score Ideal Standard Deviation SDi
= maximum score-minimum score
Very Good Mi + 1,5 SDi
Good Mi + 0,5 SDi
Fair Mi – 0,5 SDi
Poor Mi – 1,5 SDi
Very Poor
Kategori