The Nature of Curriculum

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL ORIENTATION

In this chapter the researcher describes concept of theories, such as: Curriculum in Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia, The Concept of GBA, The Teaching of English using GBA, and Teachers’ Competence Required to the Implementation of GBA. This chapter also describes a Related Research on the Teaching of English Using GBA and Rationale. The descriptions of theories written here are not as hypotheses, but as principles to understand concepts used in this research.

A. Curriculum in Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia.

1. The Nature of Curriculum

Curriculum is an instrument to gain an institutional goal. It means that curriculum is an important tool in educational development Subandijah, 1993: v. As an instrument, a curriculum should have contributions to anticipate the development of science and technology and it should be adaptive all the time on the science and technology expansion. According to Wardiman 1996: 119, curriculum is one of the tools to be used to achieve the objectives of education. As curriculum is constructed to anticipate and to adjust the development of science and technology, it was constantly transformed in any certain period of 11 time. The development is involved in the whole and also partially of the curriculum. The curriculum of language teaching also changed in the development of curriculum. In the continued efforts to improve and develop education system, the curriculum has undergone many changes, to bring it in line with the contemporary conditions Wardiman, 1996: 119. Additionally, Richard 2001: xi writes that the development of curriculum is an essentially practical activity since it seeks to improve the quality of language teaching trough the use of systematic planning, development, and review practice in all aspects of language programs. The development of curriculum is programmed to be adapted to science and technology development, and it was a part of educational activity to make the materials up to date. In addition, Richard 2001: 2 points that: Language curriculum development is an aspect of a broader field of educational activity which is focuses on determining what knowledge, skills, and values students learn in schools, what experiences should provided to bring about intended learning outcomes, and how teaching and learning in schools or educational systems can be planned, measured, and evaluated. Curriculum contains directions of what to do to achieve knowledge, skills and values the students learn in schools. It has its’ own guidelines that teachers should go behind. Curriculum is stated to respond the development challenge, therefore it is not static, but it always changes over the time.

2. The Development of Curriculum in Indonesia