Negeri 1 Surakarta has been using GBA for two years, so the researcher decided to conduct the research there.
The following Table shows the schedule of research activity at SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta.
Table 3.1. The Schedule of Research
Time Activity
April - June 2007 Designing the research proposal and getting the
approval July 2007
Seminar on thesis proposal August – November 2007
Observing, collecting, and analyzing data December 2007
Reporting the observation January – February 2008
Writing the research findings and discussions March 2008
Having seminar on the thesis, revising and submitting the thesis
C. Source of the Data and Data
The data was collected in the form of information based on the implication of Genre-Based Approach in the teaching and learning of English in SMA N 1
Surakarta. All the data are in the form of statement taken from 3 sources, as:
1. Events It is the process of teaching and learning activities of English in SMA
Negeri 1 Surakarta using GBA in the classroom.
2. Informants They are the English teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta who apply GBA
in the teaching of English on grade X, XI, and XII.
3. Documentation This is about all written information based on the implementation GBA of
the teaching English in SMA Negeri 1 Surakarta. The example of written information includes syllabus, lesson plan, and texts. It is equipped by records and
photographs.
D. Technique of Data Collecting
Based on the sources of the data, the instrument of data collection are in the form of:
1. Observation.
According to Hoepfl 2006: 1, the classic form of data collection in naturalistic or field research is observation of participant in the context of a
natural setting. Observational data are used for the purpose of description-of settings, activities, people, and meanings of what is observed from the perspective
of the participants. Observation focused on the process of teaching and learning activity using
GBA. In the observation, the researcher goes behind the process of teaching and learning of English from the beginning to the end of the activities. Here, the
teacher and the students’ activities are examined deeply. Observation lead to
deeper understandings, because it provides a knowledge of the context in which the event occur, and it enable the researcher to see things that the participants
themselves are not aware of, or that they are unwilling to discuss Patton in Hoepfl, 2007: 2.
2. Interview An interview is a direct face-to-face attempt to obtain reliable and valid
measurement in the form of verbal responses from one or more respondents. It is a conversation in which the roles of the interviewer and the respondent change
continually Key, 1997: 6. The interviews are focused on interviewing the English teachers in SMA
Negeri 1 Surakarta. Qualitative interviews may be used either as the primary strategy for data collection, or in conjunction with observation, document
analysis, or other techniques Bogdan and Biklen, 1982: 135. In this study, the researcher use
in-depth interviewing
research type to investigate deeply the interviewer last experience, expectation, about teaching of
English using genre based approach. In-depth interviewing was the technique used in this research. Bungin 2003: 67 states:
“ Dengan wawancara mendalam, bisa digali apa yang tersembunyi disanubari seseorang, apakah yang menyangkut
masa lampau, masa kini, maupun masa depan.”
In the simple way of thinking, in- depth interviewing means something in the heart relates to the past, at present,
even in the future can be searched deeply. On the other way round at the very heart of human ability is that to symbolize their experiences through language.
According to Schuman, the assumption in using this type of interview is that the meaning people
make of their experience effects the way they carry out the experience. The purpose of
in-depth interviewing
is not to get answer to question, nor to test hypotheses, and not to evaluate. At the root of in-depth interviewing is an
interest in understanding the experience of other people and the meaning they make of the experience Schuman, 1991: 1.
The aim is to get information directly about the implementation, the effectiveness of the use GBA in process of teaching and learning of English.
3. Documentation Another source of information that can be invaluable to qualitative research
is analysis documents Hoepfl 2006: 3, and the documents might include official records, letters, newspaper accounts, diaries, and reports, as well the published
data used in review literature. The analysis of document are focused on the chosen documents, include
data of the students; enlist of score, teachers’ lesson plan, record of students’ progress in learning English. The aim is to contribute the data observation and
data interview.
E. Trustworthiness
