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referents, for example: What does the word ’it’ line 15 refer to? ...........
And Guessing the Meaning of Unfamiliar Words from Contex, such as: Find a single word in the passage between lines 1 and 2 which has the
same meaning as ‘making of laws’.
B. Overview of Text Types
Many types of texts that must be knew by English learners in Indonesia. Based on 2006 curriculum KTSP, there are five texts that should be taught to the
Junior High School students, namely Descriptive text, Narrative text, Procedure text, Recount text and Report. Descriptive text is text that says the description of
particular person, animal, place, or thing. Its purpose is to describe something. While the generic structure of the text are identification and description. Narrative
text is an imaginative story with complication or problematic events, and there is a resolution to overcome the problem within the story. The purpose of the texts is to
amuse or to entertain readers. While the generic structure of the text are orientation, complication, resolution, and re-orientation coda. Procedure text is a text which
gives readers instruction to do something. The purpose of the text is to tell how to do or to make something. While the generic structure of the text are goal,
ingredientmaterial, and step. Recount text is a text that retells experiences in the past. The purpose of the text is to retell past experience. While the generic
structure of the text are orientation, events, and reorientation. While Report is a text that announce the result of investigation or announce something. The purpose of the
text is to tell information about something. While the generic structure of the text are general structure, and description.
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C. Overview of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is kind of texts which describes the features of someone, something, or a certain place. As other type of texts, Descriptive text has social
function and generic structure. According to Wadirman et. al. 2008 the social function of Descriptive text is to describe a particular person, place or thing, while
the generic structure of Descriptive text is identification and description. Identification is structure of Descriptive text which identifies phenomenon to be
described or the part of the paragraph which introduces the character . While description is structure of Descriptive text which describes parts, qualities, and
characteristics or the part of the paragraph which describes the character. Descriptive text also has special language features as follows:
1. Descriptive text focuses on specific object. For example: My favorite
teacher, My mother, My house, and so on
2. Descriptive text uses Simple Present Tense.
Simple Present Tense is a tense says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future also Azar, 1999.
Simple Present Tense has rules to construct a correct sentences. Here table 2.1. are the formulas of Simple Present Tense:
Table 2.1 the Formulas of Simple Present Tense Verbal Sentences
+ -
? Sentences
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Sentences Sentences
Subject + verb 1 + ses + object
Subject + don’tdoesn’t + verb 1 + object
Dodoes + subject +
object + ? Note: ses only is used if subjects is hesheit name of person or animal or
thing
Nominal Sentences
Subject + to be am, is, are + complement
Subject + to be am, is, are + not + complement
To be am, is, are + subject+
complement + ?
To make verb 1 agrees with subject he, she, it, and name of person or animal or thing, it is very necessary to pay more attention to verbs that
are ended by ss, sh, ch, x and o must be added by s, example: she kisses her baby, she washes my clothes, she teaches her students, she boxes these
pencils, she goes to school. Verbs that are ended by y that precedes
consonant, the letter y must be changed becomes I then it is added by es. Example: She carry the bag she carries the bag. Verbs that are ended by
y but precedes vocal, only needs to be added by s.
Example: He play the guitar He plays the guitar.
Simple Present Tense is often used with adverbial of time, adverbial of place, adverbial of frequency, and adverbial of place always
precedes adverbial of time Mas’ud, 2005. The example of adverbial of time such as: always, often, sometimes, seldom, etc.
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Descriptive text uses adjectives. For example beautiful, patient, large, etc.
D. Overview of Numbered Heads Together
