SPEECH ACTS IN JOKOWI’S CAMPAIGN SPEECHES.
SPEECH ACTS IN JOKOWI’S CAMPAIGN SPEECHES
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Linguistic
By:
KHAIRUNNISA SIREGAR
Registration Number: 8136112039
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016`
ABSTRACT
Siregar, Khairunnisa. Speech Acts in Jokowi’s Campaign Speeches. A thesis. Medan.
Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.
This thesis deals with Speech Acts in Jokowi’s campaign speeches. The objectives of this study
are to describe the types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches, to elaborate the
realization of Jokowi used illocutionary act in campaign speeches, to know the reason of using
illocutionary act in Jokowi’s campaign speeches. This study was conducted by descriptive
qualitative research design. The data of the research are the utterances of Jokowi’s speeches.The
source of the data was Jokowi’s campaign speeches. The technique for collecting data is
documentary technique which transcribed the video into the data and the instrument of data
collection was document sheet,the technique of data analysis was interactive model by using
Miles and Huberman (2014) with the three phases of data analysis i.e. (1) data condensation, (2)
data display, (3) conclusion and verification. The findings show all types of speech acts were
used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches, namely: locutionary act, illocutionary act can be classified
into five parts; there were assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, declarative and the last
types was perlocutionary act. The realization of illocutionary act used in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches, the directive speech act was used in form of warning, commanding, promising,
offering, questioning, requesting. The reasons of using illocutionary act in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches are to point out or to identify what the speaker mean from his utterance, which
influence of meaning and information of the speech and to get information clearly from Jokowi’s
campaign speeches.
iii
ABSTRAK
Siregar, Khairunnisa, Tindak Tutur didalam Pidato Kampanye Jokowi, Thesis. Medan.
Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.
Thesis ini menguraikan tindak tutur didalam pidato kampanye Jokowi, Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis tindak tutur yang digunakan dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi,untuk menjelaskan realisasi Jokowi menggunakan tindakan ilokusi dalam pidato
kampanye, untuk mengetahui alasan menggunakan tindakan ilokusi dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari
penelitian ini adalah ucapan-ucapan pidato Jokowi. Sumber datanya adalah pidato kampanye
Jokowi. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik dokumentasi yang ditranskripsi video ke
dalam data dan instrument pengumpulan data adalah kumpulan dokumentasi, teknik analisis data
adalah model interaktif oleh Miles dan Huberman (2014) dengan tiga tahap analisis data yaitu (1)
pengurangan data, (2) mempertunjukkan data, (3) kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian
tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semua jenis tindak tutur yang digunakan dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi, yaitu: tindakan lokusi, tindakan ilokusi dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam lima bagian
yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif, deklaratif dan jenis terakhir adalah tindakan perlokusi.
Realisasi tindak ilokusi yang digunakan dalam pidato kampanye Jokowi adalah, tindakan tutur
direktif yang digunakan dalam bentuk peringatan, memerintah, menjanjikan, menawarkan,
mempertanyakan, meminta. Alasan menggunakan tindakan ilokusi dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi adalah untuk menunjukkan atau mengidentifikasi apa maksud pembicara dari ucapannya,
yang dapat mempengaruhi makna dan informasi dari pidato dan mendapatkan informasi yang
jelas dari pidato kampanye Jokowi.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahirrabbil a’lamin. In the name of Allah SWT the writer would like to thank
to Allah SWT the most gracious and the most merciful for giving the power and ability to finish
her thesis. Secondly, blessing and peace be upon to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has
brought from the darkness to the brightness.
The writer would like to thank her marvelous thesis advisers, Dr. Zainnudin, M.Hum and
Prof.Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd for all brilliant ideas, valuable advices, affection, patience, and
precious time spent on reading, commenting, and supervising the process of writing until it
comes to its present form.
The writer would like to express the profound gratitude to her examiners, Prof. Dr.
Sumarsih, M. Pd, Dr. I.Wayan Dirgayasa, M.Hum , and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd for their
detailed reviews, correcting, revising, and suggestions in her thesis.
Sincere thanks goes to Dr.Rahmad Husein, M. Ed and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as the
head and secretary of English Applied Linguistic Study Program, as Farid as the administration
staff for completing the administrative procedures.
The writer would like to thank and appreciation to her beloved parents Abdul Hamid
Siregar SE and Dra. Diani Syahputri M.Hum who always given countless love, pray, support
and material during the preparation of this thesis.
The writer thank to her beloved husband Nover Corpiyadi, ST who always support, pray,
patient, and attention, the writer really appreciate every moment that she has spent with him.
i
The writer thanks to her beloved brother M. Ali Akbar Siregar, S.E and M. Abbiyyu
Fathin Siregar, who always entertain the writer when she was sad and want to give up, and The
writer thanks to her best friend Rafika Purba, M.Hum, Ustadzah Umroh Nst, S.Pd.I, who always
spent their time together in many places with her and taught the writer without complain.
The writer also thank to her best friends Sri Rahmawati, S.Pd, Rusyda, S.S, Saipul,
S.Pd,S.Ag, who always help her and a fresh smile everyday, thank to LTBI B3 class who has
accompanied her as long as this study in master degree program. And Thanks to other
unmentionable who are always so kind and help fulll.
Finally, she is aware that nothing is perfect as well as this thesis. For that, any
constructive criticism, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated to bring this next to
perfection.
Medan,
2016
The writer
Khairunnisa Siregar
81361132039
ii
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....……………………………………………........
i
ABSTRACT ……………....................................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK ………………...................................................................................
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
……………………………………………….......
v
LIST OF TABLES
................................................................................
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
................................................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES
…………………………………………………..
x
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Background of the Study ……………………………….... 1
1.2. The Problems of the Study .………….………………….…….. 7
1.3. The Objectives of the Study....…..…………………………...... 7
1.4. The Scope of the Study……..……….…………………..…….. 7
1.5. The Significance of the Study…………………………...…….. 8
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………
9
2.1.1. Pragmatic ………………………………………………. 9
2.1.2. Speech Acts …………………………………………….
10
2.1.3. Kinds of Speech Acts ………..….…………………..….
13
2.1.3.1. Locutionary Act ……………..……………….... 14
2.1.3.2. Illocutionary Act .……………………………… 14
2.1.3.3. Perlocutionary Act…….......………..………....
16
2.1.4. Classification of Illocutionary Act …………………….
17
v
2.1.5. The Function of Illocutionary Act …………………….
21
2.1.6. The Way of Performing Speech Acts ………………….
22
2.1.7. Language Use of Politic ……………………………….
25
2.1.8. Public Speaking ………………………………………..
26
2.1.9. Speech …………………………………………………. 28
2.1.10. Campaign …………………………………….……….. 32
2.1.10.1. Types of Campaign …………………………...
33
2.1.10.2. Campaign Categorized ……………………….
35
2.2. The Previous Studies …….………..…………………………. 36
2.3. Conceptual Framework ………………..……………………... 38
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD
3.1. Research Method ……………………………………………… 40
3.2. Data and Source of Data …………..………..………………… 41
3.3. Technique and Instrument of Data Collection………………..
41
3.4. Trustworthiness ……………….……………………………… 42
3.5. Technique of Analyzing Data ………..……………………....
44
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Data Analysis …………………………………….…………...
47
4.1.1. Types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches
with theme “Salam Dua Jari” .........................................
48
4.1.2. The realization of Illocutionary act used by Jokowi’s
Campaign speeches with theme Salam Dua Jari ……….
49
4.1.3. Types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches
In Karo Land North Sumatera ………………………….. 57
4.1.4. The realization of Illocutionary act used by Jokowi’s
vi
Campaign speeches in Karo land north Sumatera ..........
58
4.1.5. Types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches in Tegalega ................................................
64
4.1.6. The realization of Illocutionary act used by Jokowi’s
Campaign speeches in Begalega Bandung ...............
66
4.1.7. The Reason of Using Illocutionary Act in Jokowi’s
Campaign Speeches …………………………………
73
4.2. Findings ……………….……………………………………..
76
4.3. Discussions ……………….………………………………….
78
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions …………………………………………………..
82
5.2. Suggestions ………..…………………………………….……
83
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………. 84
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
TABLE 4.1.
……………………………………………………
48
TABLE 4.2.
……………………………………………………
57
TABLE 4.3.
……………………………………………………
64
TABLE 4.4.
……………………………………………………
73
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Pages
FIGURE 1
……………………………………………………
18
FIGURE 2
……………………………………………………
21
FIGURE 3
……………………………………………………
44
ix
81
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing the data in Jokowi's campaign speeches, the researcher has
written and scrutinized in the previous chapter, she discovers that speech acts have
a role to deliver an understanding of information conveyed in the speech to the
listeners. So, it is important to know speech acts.
especially in campaign
speeches. The important of understanding of speech acts the research upon the
Jokowi's campaign speeches has been done and the result can be conclude as the
following.
a. All types of speech acts were used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches,
such as locutionary act, illocutionary act can be classified into five
parts; there were assertive, directive, commisive, expressive,
declarative and the last types was perlocutionary act. And the The
most dominant type of speech act found in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches is Illocutionary act with classified directive and form of
warning.
b. The realization of illocutionary act used in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches, the directive speech act was used in form of warning,
commanding, promising, offering, questioning, requesting.
c. Jokowi used illocutionary act in his campaign speeches. Because
illocutionary act is very useful . by using illocutionary act in Jokowi’s
82
campaign speeches,the speaker and the audience will have the same
understanding about the speech. Speech acts has function to identify
what the speaker mean from his utterance, which influence of meaning
and information of the speech. The speech will be interesting if the
listeners are easy to get the information of the campaign speech.
5.2. Suggestions.
The study of speech acts in Jokowi’s campaign speeches is very
interesting one especially to those who would like to know the use of different
types of speech acts in more details. So, the researcher offers some suggestion as
follows:
1. The speaker will hopefully give more attention to speech acts because it
can lead the audience to understand and get information from the speech
especially speech acts in Jokowi’s campaign.
2. Other researchers are advised to conduct further studies on speech acts
particularly those found in speech to give clear information that
knowledge of speech acts will help the audience to understand what the
speaker talks about in the speech.
REFERENCES
Akmajian, Adrian. Et all.1979, 2004. Linguistics: An
Introduction to
Language and Communication (5th ed.). New Delhi: Asoke Prentice Hall
of India Private.
Arief, M.R. (2012) Speech Acts Used in Courtroom Text in Langsa. Unpublished
Thesis. Medan: English Applied Linguistics Study Program, State
University of Medan.
Arsjad, Maidar G. (1988). Pembinaan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa
Indonesia. Erlangga: Jakarta.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Baleghizadeh, S. (2007) Speech Acts in English Language Teaching. Iranian
Journal of Language Studies (IJLS), Vol. 1(2), pp. 143-154.
Beard, A. (2002).The Language of Politics.London: Routledge.
Brady, H. E., Johnston, R., & Sides, J. (2006). The Study of Political Campaigns.
University of Michigan.
DeVito, Joseph A. (2009). The Essential Elements of Public Speaking. USA :
Pearson
Ericson, D. (1997). Presidential Inagural Addresses and American Political
Culture. Presidential Studies Quartely 27 (4): 727-44
Fairclough , N. (2006) Tony Blair and the Language of Politics. UK: Routledge
Faiz, Mambruri. (2011). “Analisis Tindak Tutur Direktif Ustad Samsul Arifin.
Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Airlangga University.
Halloway & Wheeler, S. (2002) Qualitative Research in Nursing (2nd ed). Oxford:
Blackwell.
Haryono, (2012) Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Ismail, F. (2013). The Study of Illocutionary Act: Jokowi’s Campaign Speech
On “Mewujudkan Jakarta Baru” . Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya:
Airlangga University.
Jabber, K.W. & Jinquan, Z. (2013) The Modal Verbs: A Speech Act of Request in
84
the Speech of the President of the United States Barak Obama. The
Criterion International Journal in English, pp. 1-13.
John, J. (1992) The Ontario test of ESL oral interaction test. System
20: 305-316
Josiah. U.E. & Johnson. S.E. (2012) Pragmatic Analyses of President Goodluck
Jonathan’s and President Barack Obama’s Inaugural Addresses.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 1, pp
261-278.
Kissine, M. (2013). From utterances to speech acts. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics . London: Longman.
Levinson, S. (1983) Pragmatics . New York: Cambridge University Press
Lincoln, Y. & Guba, E. G. (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publication, London.
Lynn, S. (2009). Political campaign planning manual: A step by step guide to
winning elections. Malaysia.
Mey, J. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A.M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded
sourcebook. (
). London: Sage
Nababan&Yoshua winadi(2013). Bahasa Kampanye.: http://mengqolbikanbahasa.
blogspot.com access 0
Jun 2015
Nawawi, H. 1993. Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada
University.
Olson, D. (1978). Assent and Compliance in Children’s language comprehension.
Kin Proceeding of theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing.
(TNINLAP2). Urbana, IL.:University of Illinois.
Opeibi, B.O. (2009).Discourse, Politics and the 1993 Presidential Election
Campaigns in Nigeria Lagos: Nouvelle Communications.
Rakhmat, jalaluddin. (2000). Retorika Modern: Pendekatan Praktis. Remaja
85
Rosdakarya: Bandung.
Republik Indonesia, (2009).Undang-undang Bendera, Bahasa, Lambang Negara
serta Lagu Kebangsaan, Jakarta: Sekertaris Negara
Republik Indonesia,(2014 ). Undang-undang system kampanye pemilihan umum
presiden dan wakil presiden ,Jakarta: Sekretariat komisi pemilihan umum
Salman, R. (2012) Speech Acts in Pepoten at Gayo Wedding Ceremony.
Unpublished.Thesis. Medan: English Applied Linguistics Study Program,
State University of Medan.
Searle, J. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spencer- Oatey, H. &Zegarac, V. (2002). Pragmatics. In N. Schmmit (ed).
An Introduction to Applied Linguistics (pp. 74-92). London: Hodder
Arnold.
Soenarjo, Djoenasih S., Rajiyem. (2005). Public Speaking. Jakarta : Universitas
Terbuka
Taillard, Marie- Odile, (2000). Persuasive communication: The case of
Marketing.UCL Working Papers in Linguistics,12,145 -172.
Trask, R.l (2007). A Student’s Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London,
New York: Arnold Written by Kuang Ching Hei
Untung, Kusdinar, Y. S, ( 2011). Kampanye dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah.
Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Verderber, Rudolph F., Verderber, Kathleen., Sellnow, Deanna D. (2008). The
Challenge of Effective Speaking. USA : Thomson Wadsworth
Yew-Foong, H., & Bhakti, I. N. (2012). The Gubernatorial Race in Jakarta:
Background and Implications. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
Singapore.
86
Yule, G.(1996) (2002). Pragmatics (6th Impression). Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Yule, George. 2006. Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Pelajar.
Wijana, I Dewa Putu. 1996. Dasar-dasar Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Andi.
85
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Linguistic
By:
KHAIRUNNISA SIREGAR
Registration Number: 8136112039
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016`
ABSTRACT
Siregar, Khairunnisa. Speech Acts in Jokowi’s Campaign Speeches. A thesis. Medan.
Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan. 2016.
This thesis deals with Speech Acts in Jokowi’s campaign speeches. The objectives of this study
are to describe the types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches, to elaborate the
realization of Jokowi used illocutionary act in campaign speeches, to know the reason of using
illocutionary act in Jokowi’s campaign speeches. This study was conducted by descriptive
qualitative research design. The data of the research are the utterances of Jokowi’s speeches.The
source of the data was Jokowi’s campaign speeches. The technique for collecting data is
documentary technique which transcribed the video into the data and the instrument of data
collection was document sheet,the technique of data analysis was interactive model by using
Miles and Huberman (2014) with the three phases of data analysis i.e. (1) data condensation, (2)
data display, (3) conclusion and verification. The findings show all types of speech acts were
used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches, namely: locutionary act, illocutionary act can be classified
into five parts; there were assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, declarative and the last
types was perlocutionary act. The realization of illocutionary act used in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches, the directive speech act was used in form of warning, commanding, promising,
offering, questioning, requesting. The reasons of using illocutionary act in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches are to point out or to identify what the speaker mean from his utterance, which
influence of meaning and information of the speech and to get information clearly from Jokowi’s
campaign speeches.
iii
ABSTRAK
Siregar, Khairunnisa, Tindak Tutur didalam Pidato Kampanye Jokowi, Thesis. Medan.
Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.
Thesis ini menguraikan tindak tutur didalam pidato kampanye Jokowi, Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis tindak tutur yang digunakan dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi,untuk menjelaskan realisasi Jokowi menggunakan tindakan ilokusi dalam pidato
kampanye, untuk mengetahui alasan menggunakan tindakan ilokusi dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari
penelitian ini adalah ucapan-ucapan pidato Jokowi. Sumber datanya adalah pidato kampanye
Jokowi. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik dokumentasi yang ditranskripsi video ke
dalam data dan instrument pengumpulan data adalah kumpulan dokumentasi, teknik analisis data
adalah model interaktif oleh Miles dan Huberman (2014) dengan tiga tahap analisis data yaitu (1)
pengurangan data, (2) mempertunjukkan data, (3) kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian
tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semua jenis tindak tutur yang digunakan dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi, yaitu: tindakan lokusi, tindakan ilokusi dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam lima bagian
yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif, ekspresif, deklaratif dan jenis terakhir adalah tindakan perlokusi.
Realisasi tindak ilokusi yang digunakan dalam pidato kampanye Jokowi adalah, tindakan tutur
direktif yang digunakan dalam bentuk peringatan, memerintah, menjanjikan, menawarkan,
mempertanyakan, meminta. Alasan menggunakan tindakan ilokusi dalam pidato kampanye
Jokowi adalah untuk menunjukkan atau mengidentifikasi apa maksud pembicara dari ucapannya,
yang dapat mempengaruhi makna dan informasi dari pidato dan mendapatkan informasi yang
jelas dari pidato kampanye Jokowi.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Assalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Alhamdulillahirrabbil a’lamin. In the name of Allah SWT the writer would like to thank
to Allah SWT the most gracious and the most merciful for giving the power and ability to finish
her thesis. Secondly, blessing and peace be upon to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has
brought from the darkness to the brightness.
The writer would like to thank her marvelous thesis advisers, Dr. Zainnudin, M.Hum and
Prof.Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd for all brilliant ideas, valuable advices, affection, patience, and
precious time spent on reading, commenting, and supervising the process of writing until it
comes to its present form.
The writer would like to express the profound gratitude to her examiners, Prof. Dr.
Sumarsih, M. Pd, Dr. I.Wayan Dirgayasa, M.Hum , and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd for their
detailed reviews, correcting, revising, and suggestions in her thesis.
Sincere thanks goes to Dr.Rahmad Husein, M. Ed and Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as the
head and secretary of English Applied Linguistic Study Program, as Farid as the administration
staff for completing the administrative procedures.
The writer would like to thank and appreciation to her beloved parents Abdul Hamid
Siregar SE and Dra. Diani Syahputri M.Hum who always given countless love, pray, support
and material during the preparation of this thesis.
The writer thank to her beloved husband Nover Corpiyadi, ST who always support, pray,
patient, and attention, the writer really appreciate every moment that she has spent with him.
i
The writer thanks to her beloved brother M. Ali Akbar Siregar, S.E and M. Abbiyyu
Fathin Siregar, who always entertain the writer when she was sad and want to give up, and The
writer thanks to her best friend Rafika Purba, M.Hum, Ustadzah Umroh Nst, S.Pd.I, who always
spent their time together in many places with her and taught the writer without complain.
The writer also thank to her best friends Sri Rahmawati, S.Pd, Rusyda, S.S, Saipul,
S.Pd,S.Ag, who always help her and a fresh smile everyday, thank to LTBI B3 class who has
accompanied her as long as this study in master degree program. And Thanks to other
unmentionable who are always so kind and help fulll.
Finally, she is aware that nothing is perfect as well as this thesis. For that, any
constructive criticism, suggestions, or comments will be highly appreciated to bring this next to
perfection.
Medan,
2016
The writer
Khairunnisa Siregar
81361132039
ii
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....……………………………………………........
i
ABSTRACT ……………....................................................................................
iii
ABSTRAK ………………...................................................................................
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
……………………………………………….......
v
LIST OF TABLES
................................................................................
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
................................................................................
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES
…………………………………………………..
x
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. The Background of the Study ……………………………….... 1
1.2. The Problems of the Study .………….………………….…….. 7
1.3. The Objectives of the Study....…..…………………………...... 7
1.4. The Scope of the Study……..……….…………………..…….. 7
1.5. The Significance of the Study…………………………...…….. 8
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Theoretical Framework ………………………………………
9
2.1.1. Pragmatic ………………………………………………. 9
2.1.2. Speech Acts …………………………………………….
10
2.1.3. Kinds of Speech Acts ………..….…………………..….
13
2.1.3.1. Locutionary Act ……………..……………….... 14
2.1.3.2. Illocutionary Act .……………………………… 14
2.1.3.3. Perlocutionary Act…….......………..………....
16
2.1.4. Classification of Illocutionary Act …………………….
17
v
2.1.5. The Function of Illocutionary Act …………………….
21
2.1.6. The Way of Performing Speech Acts ………………….
22
2.1.7. Language Use of Politic ……………………………….
25
2.1.8. Public Speaking ………………………………………..
26
2.1.9. Speech …………………………………………………. 28
2.1.10. Campaign …………………………………….……….. 32
2.1.10.1. Types of Campaign …………………………...
33
2.1.10.2. Campaign Categorized ……………………….
35
2.2. The Previous Studies …….………..…………………………. 36
2.3. Conceptual Framework ………………..……………………... 38
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD
3.1. Research Method ……………………………………………… 40
3.2. Data and Source of Data …………..………..………………… 41
3.3. Technique and Instrument of Data Collection………………..
41
3.4. Trustworthiness ……………….……………………………… 42
3.5. Technique of Analyzing Data ………..……………………....
44
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Data Analysis …………………………………….…………...
47
4.1.1. Types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches
with theme “Salam Dua Jari” .........................................
48
4.1.2. The realization of Illocutionary act used by Jokowi’s
Campaign speeches with theme Salam Dua Jari ……….
49
4.1.3. Types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches
In Karo Land North Sumatera ………………………….. 57
4.1.4. The realization of Illocutionary act used by Jokowi’s
vi
Campaign speeches in Karo land north Sumatera ..........
58
4.1.5. Types of speech acts used in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches in Tegalega ................................................
64
4.1.6. The realization of Illocutionary act used by Jokowi’s
Campaign speeches in Begalega Bandung ...............
66
4.1.7. The Reason of Using Illocutionary Act in Jokowi’s
Campaign Speeches …………………………………
73
4.2. Findings ……………….……………………………………..
76
4.3. Discussions ……………….………………………………….
78
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions …………………………………………………..
82
5.2. Suggestions ………..…………………………………….……
83
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………. 84
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
TABLE 4.1.
……………………………………………………
48
TABLE 4.2.
……………………………………………………
57
TABLE 4.3.
……………………………………………………
64
TABLE 4.4.
……………………………………………………
73
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Pages
FIGURE 1
……………………………………………………
18
FIGURE 2
……………………………………………………
21
FIGURE 3
……………………………………………………
44
ix
81
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
After analyzing the data in Jokowi's campaign speeches, the researcher has
written and scrutinized in the previous chapter, she discovers that speech acts have
a role to deliver an understanding of information conveyed in the speech to the
listeners. So, it is important to know speech acts.
especially in campaign
speeches. The important of understanding of speech acts the research upon the
Jokowi's campaign speeches has been done and the result can be conclude as the
following.
a. All types of speech acts were used in Jokowi’s campaign speeches,
such as locutionary act, illocutionary act can be classified into five
parts; there were assertive, directive, commisive, expressive,
declarative and the last types was perlocutionary act. And the The
most dominant type of speech act found in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches is Illocutionary act with classified directive and form of
warning.
b. The realization of illocutionary act used in Jokowi’s campaign
speeches, the directive speech act was used in form of warning,
commanding, promising, offering, questioning, requesting.
c. Jokowi used illocutionary act in his campaign speeches. Because
illocutionary act is very useful . by using illocutionary act in Jokowi’s
82
campaign speeches,the speaker and the audience will have the same
understanding about the speech. Speech acts has function to identify
what the speaker mean from his utterance, which influence of meaning
and information of the speech. The speech will be interesting if the
listeners are easy to get the information of the campaign speech.
5.2. Suggestions.
The study of speech acts in Jokowi’s campaign speeches is very
interesting one especially to those who would like to know the use of different
types of speech acts in more details. So, the researcher offers some suggestion as
follows:
1. The speaker will hopefully give more attention to speech acts because it
can lead the audience to understand and get information from the speech
especially speech acts in Jokowi’s campaign.
2. Other researchers are advised to conduct further studies on speech acts
particularly those found in speech to give clear information that
knowledge of speech acts will help the audience to understand what the
speaker talks about in the speech.
REFERENCES
Akmajian, Adrian. Et all.1979, 2004. Linguistics: An
Introduction to
Language and Communication (5th ed.). New Delhi: Asoke Prentice Hall
of India Private.
Arief, M.R. (2012) Speech Acts Used in Courtroom Text in Langsa. Unpublished
Thesis. Medan: English Applied Linguistics Study Program, State
University of Medan.
Arsjad, Maidar G. (1988). Pembinaan Kemampuan Berbicara Bahasa
Indonesia. Erlangga: Jakarta.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Baleghizadeh, S. (2007) Speech Acts in English Language Teaching. Iranian
Journal of Language Studies (IJLS), Vol. 1(2), pp. 143-154.
Beard, A. (2002).The Language of Politics.London: Routledge.
Brady, H. E., Johnston, R., & Sides, J. (2006). The Study of Political Campaigns.
University of Michigan.
DeVito, Joseph A. (2009). The Essential Elements of Public Speaking. USA :
Pearson
Ericson, D. (1997). Presidential Inagural Addresses and American Political
Culture. Presidential Studies Quartely 27 (4): 727-44
Fairclough , N. (2006) Tony Blair and the Language of Politics. UK: Routledge
Faiz, Mambruri. (2011). “Analisis Tindak Tutur Direktif Ustad Samsul Arifin.
Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya: Airlangga University.
Halloway & Wheeler, S. (2002) Qualitative Research in Nursing (2nd ed). Oxford:
Blackwell.
Haryono, (2012) Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Bandung: Pustaka Setia.
Ismail, F. (2013). The Study of Illocutionary Act: Jokowi’s Campaign Speech
On “Mewujudkan Jakarta Baru” . Unpublished Thesis. Surabaya:
Airlangga University.
Jabber, K.W. & Jinquan, Z. (2013) The Modal Verbs: A Speech Act of Request in
84
the Speech of the President of the United States Barak Obama. The
Criterion International Journal in English, pp. 1-13.
John, J. (1992) The Ontario test of ESL oral interaction test. System
20: 305-316
Josiah. U.E. & Johnson. S.E. (2012) Pragmatic Analyses of President Goodluck
Jonathan’s and President Barack Obama’s Inaugural Addresses.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 1, pp
261-278.
Kissine, M. (2013). From utterances to speech acts. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics . London: Longman.
Levinson, S. (1983) Pragmatics . New York: Cambridge University Press
Lincoln, Y. & Guba, E. G. (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publication, London.
Lynn, S. (2009). Political campaign planning manual: A step by step guide to
winning elections. Malaysia.
Mey, J. (2001). Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A.M. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded
sourcebook. (
). London: Sage
Nababan&Yoshua winadi(2013). Bahasa Kampanye.: http://mengqolbikanbahasa.
blogspot.com access 0
Jun 2015
Nawawi, H. 1993. Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada
University.
Olson, D. (1978). Assent and Compliance in Children’s language comprehension.
Kin Proceeding of theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing.
(TNINLAP2). Urbana, IL.:University of Illinois.
Opeibi, B.O. (2009).Discourse, Politics and the 1993 Presidential Election
Campaigns in Nigeria Lagos: Nouvelle Communications.
Rakhmat, jalaluddin. (2000). Retorika Modern: Pendekatan Praktis. Remaja
85
Rosdakarya: Bandung.
Republik Indonesia, (2009).Undang-undang Bendera, Bahasa, Lambang Negara
serta Lagu Kebangsaan, Jakarta: Sekertaris Negara
Republik Indonesia,(2014 ). Undang-undang system kampanye pemilihan umum
presiden dan wakil presiden ,Jakarta: Sekretariat komisi pemilihan umum
Salman, R. (2012) Speech Acts in Pepoten at Gayo Wedding Ceremony.
Unpublished.Thesis. Medan: English Applied Linguistics Study Program,
State University of Medan.
Searle, J. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spencer- Oatey, H. &Zegarac, V. (2002). Pragmatics. In N. Schmmit (ed).
An Introduction to Applied Linguistics (pp. 74-92). London: Hodder
Arnold.
Soenarjo, Djoenasih S., Rajiyem. (2005). Public Speaking. Jakarta : Universitas
Terbuka
Taillard, Marie- Odile, (2000). Persuasive communication: The case of
Marketing.UCL Working Papers in Linguistics,12,145 -172.
Trask, R.l (2007). A Student’s Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London,
New York: Arnold Written by Kuang Ching Hei
Untung, Kusdinar, Y. S, ( 2011). Kampanye dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah.
Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Verderber, Rudolph F., Verderber, Kathleen., Sellnow, Deanna D. (2008). The
Challenge of Effective Speaking. USA : Thomson Wadsworth
Yew-Foong, H., & Bhakti, I. N. (2012). The Gubernatorial Race in Jakarta:
Background and Implications. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
Singapore.
86
Yule, G.(1996) (2002). Pragmatics (6th Impression). Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Yule, George. 2006. Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Pelajar.
Wijana, I Dewa Putu. 1996. Dasar-dasar Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Andi.
85