HUBUNGAN FAMILY SUPPORT DAN LIFE SATISFACTION LANSIA BERDASARKAN STATUS MARITAL
HUBUNGAN FAMILY SUPPORT DAN LIFE SATISFACTION
LANSIA BERDASARKAN STATUS MARITAL
Tesis Sarjana S-2
Program Studi Magister Sains Psikologi
OLEH :
MAHMUD FAUZI
201010440211023
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2012
Kata Pengantar
Dengan mengucapkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala karunia
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, kesehatan dan kesempatan waktu sehingga tesis dengan judul;
Hubungan family support dan life satisfaction lansia berdasarkan status marital, dapat
terselesaikan tepat pada waktunya.
Pada kesempatan ini dengan penuh kerendahan hati penulis haturkan ucapan terima
kasih yang sebesar-besarnya dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada yang
terhormat :
1. DR. Muhadjir Efendy. M.Ap, Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
2. DR. Latipun, M.Kes, Direktur Pasca Sarjana dan Ketua Prodi Magister
Psikologi yang telah banyak membantu kelancaran tesis ini.
3. DR. Drs. Arif Budi Wurianto, M.Si, Dosen pembimbing utama yang telah telah
mencurahkan perhatian dan tenaga serta dorongan kepada penulis hingga
selesainya tesis ini.
4. Dra. Siti Suminarti Fasikhah, M.Si, Psi, Dosen pembimbing pendamping yang
telah banyak dan memberikan saran-saran serta perhatian sehingga penulis dapat
menyelesaikan tesis ini.
5. YoyokYudianto,SE, Lurah Kepanjen, yang telah berkenan memberikan izin
penelitian tesis ini di Kelurahan Kepanjen.
6. Kedua orang tuaku yang telah memberikan ridho, do’a dan dorongan semangat
untuk mampu menyelesaikan tesis ini.
7. Adik-adikku yang selalu mensupport kerja keras penulis selama ini.
8. Teman-teman sekalian yang banyak pula memberikan do’a dan semangat untuk
terus fight serta pantang menyerah dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa tesis ini masih banyak kekurangan. Oleh karena itu,
penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca guna penyempurnaan tesis
ini. Atas perhatiannya penulis ucapkan terima kasih.
Malang, 12September 2012
Penulis,
Mahmud Fauzi
Daftar Isi
HALAMAN SAMPUL................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.........................................................................
ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN............................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK...................................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR ISI...............................................................................................
viii
Latar belakang..............................................................................................
1
Literatur review............................................................................................
7
Hipotesis......................................................................................................
8
Metode penelitian........................................................................................
11
Prosedur....................................................................................................
11
Subjek.......................................................................................................
12
Variabel dan instrumen.............................................................................
13
Analisa data..............................................................................................
14
Hasil dan pembahasan.................................................................................
14
Deskripsi data..............................................................................................
12
Korelasi antara family support dan life satisfaction................................
12
Hasil Anova…………………………………………………………….
13
Deskripsi Hasil kuantitatif............................................................................
15
Deskripsi data kualitatif……………………………………………………
16
Family support……………………………………………………………..
16
Life satisfaction……………………………………………………………..
17
Hasil analisis kualitatif……………………………………………………..
21
Perbedaan……………………………………………………………….
21
Persamaan…………………………………………………………….....
22
Diskusi……………………………………………………………………..
23
Kesimpulan dan implikasi………………………………………………….
25
Daftar pustaka……………………………………………………………..
27
DaftarTabel dan Grafik
Tabel 1 Karakteristik subyek penelitian kuantitatif
Tabel 2Korelasi antara family support dan life satisfaction serta status marital
Tabel 3Anova family support pada status marital
Tabel 4 Anova life satisfaction pada status marital
Tabel 5 signifikansi family support lansia pada status marital
Tabel 6 signifikansi perbedaan life satisfaction lansia pada status marital
Tabel 7 Perbedaan pada Family Support dan Life Satisfaction Lansia pada status marital
Tabel 8 Persamaan family support dan life satisfaction pada Lansia pada status marital
Grafik 1 Tinggi rendahnya status marital pada family support dan life satisfaction
Daftar Lampiran
Realibilitas dan validitas try out family support
Realibilitas dan validitas try out life satisfaction
Realibilitas dan validitas data family support
Realibilitas dan validitas data family support
Korelasi family support dan life satisfaction serta status marital
Oneway anova family support
Oneway anova life satisfaction
Hasil wawancara
Skala dukungan keluarga (family support)
Skala kepuasan hidup (life satisfaction)
Family support scale
The satisfaction with life scale
Pedoman wawancara
Surat pernyataan partisipan
Data lansia
Surat izin penelitian
Daftar Pustaka
Bargh, J. A. And Shalev, I. (2012) The Substitutability of Physical and Social Warmth
in Daily Life, American Psychological Association, 12 (1), 154–162
Bozo, O. & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2010) Activities of daily living, social support, and
future health of older americans, The Journal Of Psychology, 144 (1), 1–14
Caperchione, C., & Mummery, K. (2007). Psychosocial mediators of group cohesion on
physical activity intention of older adults, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK and
Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, AUS, Psychology, Health &
Medicine, 12 (1), 81 – 93
Chan, A. (2006) Aging in southeast and east asia: issues and policy directions, Journal
Cross Culture Gerontology, 20 (2), 269–284
Darling, C. A., Olmstead, S. B, & Tiggleman. C (2010) Persons with aids and their
support persons: stress and life satisfaction, Stress and Health, 26, 33–44
Dezutter, J., et al. (2010)Life Satisfaction in Chronic Pain Patients: The StressBuffering Role of the Centrality of Religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of
Religion, 49(3), 507–516
Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larson, R.J., & Griffin, S. (1985) The satisfaction with life
scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75
Dillenburger, K and. McKerr, L (2010)‘How long are we able to go on?’ Issues faced
by older family caregivers of adults with disabilities, British Journal of Learning
Disabilities, 39, 29–38
Feldman S. Robert, (2006) Development Across the Life Span, New York
Friedman, (1998) Keperawatan Keluarga : Teori dan Praktik, Rosda Karya, Bandung.
Greeff, A. P., dan Malherbe, H. L., (2001) Intimacy and marital satisfaction in spouses,
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 27:247–257.
Gretchen A. Baik, Steven LaGrow, & Fiona Alpass, (2008) An age- cohort study of
older adults with and without visual impairments: activity, independence, and life
Satisfaction, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindnes, 517-527.
Ghubach, R., El-Rufaie, O., Zoubeidi, T., Sabri, S., Yousif , S. & Moselhy, H. F.,
(2010) Subjective life satisfaction and mental disorders among older adults in
UAE in general population, International Journal Geriatry Psychiatry, 25, 458–
465.
Guerette, Amy R. dan Smedema, Susan. M.,(2011) The relationship of perceived social
support with well-being in adults with visual impairments, Journal of Visual
Impairment & Blindness, 425-439.
Hanley, Tasse, Aman & Peace, (1998),
http://fulla.augustana.edu:2048/menu
Family
support
scale,
dari
Hogstely, M. O., Curry, L. C., Walker, C. (2000), Caring for Older Adults: The Benefits
of Informal Family Caregiving, The Journal of Theory Construction & Testing. 9
( 2), 55-60
Lee, H. S., Brennan, Patricia Flatley., Daly, Barbara J.,(2001) Relationship of empathy
to appraisal, depression, life satisfaction, and physical health in informal
caregivers of older adults, Research in Nursing & Health, 24, 44-56
Li. Y., and Chi. I., (2011), Correlates of physician visits among older adults in china:
the effects of family support, Journal of Aging and Health 23(6), 933–953
Liem, J. H.., Lustig, K., & Dillon, C. (2010) Depressive symptoms and life satisfaction
among emerging adults: a comparison of high school dropouts and graduates,
Journal Adult Development, 17, 33–43
Lightsey & Boyraz (2011) Do positive thinking and meaning mediate the positive
affect—life satisfaction relationship?, Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science ,
43 (3), 203–213
Lugera, T., Cotterb, K. A., & Shermanc, A. M. (2009) It’s all in how you view it:
Pessimism, social relations, and life satisfaction in older adults with osteoarthritis,
Aging & Mental Health, 13 (5), 635–647
Mckelvey, A., (2000) Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older
Adults, Missouri Dept of Health and Senior Svcs, 54 (17), 433-437
Merza dan Consedineb (2009) The association of family support and wellbeing in later
life depends on adult attachment style, Academia.Edu, 11 ( 2), 203-221
Miles, B. M., & Huberman, M. A (1992) Analisis Data Kualitatif, UI Press, Jakarta
Newman M. Barbara & Newman R. Philip, (2004) Development Through Life a
Psychological Approach, New York.
Organisasi
Kesehatan Dunia.
Diakses
pada
24
maret
http://manyoos.blogspot.com/2012/01/konsep-lansia.html.
2012,
dari
Papalia, E. D., Sterns, L. H., Feldman, D. R., & Camp J. C. (2002). Adult Development
and Aging, second edition, New York, mcgrw-Hill Higher Education.
Peleg, Ora (2008) The relation between differentiation of self and marital satisfaction:
what can be learned from married people over the course of life?, The American
Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 388–401.
Perrone, Kristin. M., & Civiletto, Christine. L., (2004) The impact of life role saliance
on life satisfaction, Journal Of Employment Counseling, 41, 105-116.
Platter, A. J., & Kelley, M. L., ( 2012) Effectiveness of an ducational and support
program for family members of a substance abuser, The American Journal of
Family Therapy, 40:208–213.
Purnama, Akhmad (2009), Kepuasan hidup dan dukungan sosial lanjut usia,
Yogyakarta: B2P3KS Press
Ram, Estabrook, Schupp, Wagner & Lindenberger (2008) Life satisfaction shows
terminal decline in old age: longitudinal evidence from the german socioeconomic panel study (soep), Developmental Psychology, 44 (4), 1148–1159
Ross, Reagan G., Baird, Anne., and Towson, Shelagh, (2009) Gender Role, Life
Satisfaction, and Wellness: Androgyny in a Southwestern Ontario Sample,
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 28 (2), 135 –
146
Rupert, Patricia A., Stevanovic, Pedja., Hartman, Elizabeth R, Tuminello., Bryant, Fred
B., & Miller, Alisha., (2012). Predicting work–family conflict and life satisfaction
among professional psychologists, Professional Psychology: Research and
Practice, 10, 1-8
Santoso. A, dan Budi, N. L.,(2008) Peran serta keluarga pada lansia yang mengalami
post power syndrome, Media Ners, 2 (1), 1 – 44
Shaw, E Marvin & costanzo R. Philipe (1985) Theory of social psychology (tentang
teori pertukaran sosial), second edition, Mcgraw-hill, Inc, hal 130.
Sigurdardottir, S.H et al (2012) Needs and care of older people living at home in
Iceland, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 40, 1–9
Steger, M. F. & Kashdan, T. B., (2007) Stability and specificity of meaning in life and
life satisfaction over one year, Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 161–179
Triplett, K. N. et al (2011) Posttraumatic growth, meaning in life, and life satisfaction in
response to trauma, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and
Policy, 10, 1-11
Vazquez, T. G., Fernandez, P. B., Ortiz, B. J., Yamanis. T. J., & Snyder, N. S. De
(2007).Well-being and family support among elderly rural mexicans in the context
of migration to the united states, Journal of Aging and Health, 19 (2), 334-355
Wan, Yu., & Kolanowski. (2008) Caring for Aging Chinese: Lessons Learned From the
United States, Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19 (2), 114-120
Wijayanto, Andri (2008). Hubungan antara Support System Keluarga dengan
Mekanisme Koping pada Lansia di Desa Poleng Gesi Sragen. Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Yap, Settles, & Pratt-Hyatt (2011) Mediators of the relationship between racial identity
and life satisfaction in a community sample of african american women and men,
Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17 (1), 89–97
Yeung, G. T. Y., & Fung, H. H. (2007) Social support and life satisfaction among Hong
Kong Chinese older adults: family first?, Eur Journal Ageing, 4, 219–227
Yueh-Ching Chou, Chi Chiao & Li-Yeh Fu. (2011) Health status, social support, and
quality of life among family carers of adults with profound intellectual and
multiple disabilities (PIMD) in Taiwan, Journal of Intellectual & Developmental
Disability, 36 (1), 73–79.
LANSIA BERDASARKAN STATUS MARITAL
Tesis Sarjana S-2
Program Studi Magister Sains Psikologi
OLEH :
MAHMUD FAUZI
201010440211023
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2012
Kata Pengantar
Dengan mengucapkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala karunia
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, kesehatan dan kesempatan waktu sehingga tesis dengan judul;
Hubungan family support dan life satisfaction lansia berdasarkan status marital, dapat
terselesaikan tepat pada waktunya.
Pada kesempatan ini dengan penuh kerendahan hati penulis haturkan ucapan terima
kasih yang sebesar-besarnya dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada yang
terhormat :
1. DR. Muhadjir Efendy. M.Ap, Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
2. DR. Latipun, M.Kes, Direktur Pasca Sarjana dan Ketua Prodi Magister
Psikologi yang telah banyak membantu kelancaran tesis ini.
3. DR. Drs. Arif Budi Wurianto, M.Si, Dosen pembimbing utama yang telah telah
mencurahkan perhatian dan tenaga serta dorongan kepada penulis hingga
selesainya tesis ini.
4. Dra. Siti Suminarti Fasikhah, M.Si, Psi, Dosen pembimbing pendamping yang
telah banyak dan memberikan saran-saran serta perhatian sehingga penulis dapat
menyelesaikan tesis ini.
5. YoyokYudianto,SE, Lurah Kepanjen, yang telah berkenan memberikan izin
penelitian tesis ini di Kelurahan Kepanjen.
6. Kedua orang tuaku yang telah memberikan ridho, do’a dan dorongan semangat
untuk mampu menyelesaikan tesis ini.
7. Adik-adikku yang selalu mensupport kerja keras penulis selama ini.
8. Teman-teman sekalian yang banyak pula memberikan do’a dan semangat untuk
terus fight serta pantang menyerah dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa tesis ini masih banyak kekurangan. Oleh karena itu,
penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran dari pembaca guna penyempurnaan tesis
ini. Atas perhatiannya penulis ucapkan terima kasih.
Malang, 12September 2012
Penulis,
Mahmud Fauzi
Daftar Isi
HALAMAN SAMPUL................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.........................................................................
ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN............................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK...................................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR ISI...............................................................................................
viii
Latar belakang..............................................................................................
1
Literatur review............................................................................................
7
Hipotesis......................................................................................................
8
Metode penelitian........................................................................................
11
Prosedur....................................................................................................
11
Subjek.......................................................................................................
12
Variabel dan instrumen.............................................................................
13
Analisa data..............................................................................................
14
Hasil dan pembahasan.................................................................................
14
Deskripsi data..............................................................................................
12
Korelasi antara family support dan life satisfaction................................
12
Hasil Anova…………………………………………………………….
13
Deskripsi Hasil kuantitatif............................................................................
15
Deskripsi data kualitatif……………………………………………………
16
Family support……………………………………………………………..
16
Life satisfaction……………………………………………………………..
17
Hasil analisis kualitatif……………………………………………………..
21
Perbedaan……………………………………………………………….
21
Persamaan…………………………………………………………….....
22
Diskusi……………………………………………………………………..
23
Kesimpulan dan implikasi………………………………………………….
25
Daftar pustaka……………………………………………………………..
27
DaftarTabel dan Grafik
Tabel 1 Karakteristik subyek penelitian kuantitatif
Tabel 2Korelasi antara family support dan life satisfaction serta status marital
Tabel 3Anova family support pada status marital
Tabel 4 Anova life satisfaction pada status marital
Tabel 5 signifikansi family support lansia pada status marital
Tabel 6 signifikansi perbedaan life satisfaction lansia pada status marital
Tabel 7 Perbedaan pada Family Support dan Life Satisfaction Lansia pada status marital
Tabel 8 Persamaan family support dan life satisfaction pada Lansia pada status marital
Grafik 1 Tinggi rendahnya status marital pada family support dan life satisfaction
Daftar Lampiran
Realibilitas dan validitas try out family support
Realibilitas dan validitas try out life satisfaction
Realibilitas dan validitas data family support
Realibilitas dan validitas data family support
Korelasi family support dan life satisfaction serta status marital
Oneway anova family support
Oneway anova life satisfaction
Hasil wawancara
Skala dukungan keluarga (family support)
Skala kepuasan hidup (life satisfaction)
Family support scale
The satisfaction with life scale
Pedoman wawancara
Surat pernyataan partisipan
Data lansia
Surat izin penelitian
Daftar Pustaka
Bargh, J. A. And Shalev, I. (2012) The Substitutability of Physical and Social Warmth
in Daily Life, American Psychological Association, 12 (1), 154–162
Bozo, O. & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2010) Activities of daily living, social support, and
future health of older americans, The Journal Of Psychology, 144 (1), 1–14
Caperchione, C., & Mummery, K. (2007). Psychosocial mediators of group cohesion on
physical activity intention of older adults, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK and
Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, AUS, Psychology, Health &
Medicine, 12 (1), 81 – 93
Chan, A. (2006) Aging in southeast and east asia: issues and policy directions, Journal
Cross Culture Gerontology, 20 (2), 269–284
Darling, C. A., Olmstead, S. B, & Tiggleman. C (2010) Persons with aids and their
support persons: stress and life satisfaction, Stress and Health, 26, 33–44
Dezutter, J., et al. (2010)Life Satisfaction in Chronic Pain Patients: The StressBuffering Role of the Centrality of Religion, Journal for the Scientific Study of
Religion, 49(3), 507–516
Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larson, R.J., & Griffin, S. (1985) The satisfaction with life
scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75
Dillenburger, K and. McKerr, L (2010)‘How long are we able to go on?’ Issues faced
by older family caregivers of adults with disabilities, British Journal of Learning
Disabilities, 39, 29–38
Feldman S. Robert, (2006) Development Across the Life Span, New York
Friedman, (1998) Keperawatan Keluarga : Teori dan Praktik, Rosda Karya, Bandung.
Greeff, A. P., dan Malherbe, H. L., (2001) Intimacy and marital satisfaction in spouses,
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 27:247–257.
Gretchen A. Baik, Steven LaGrow, & Fiona Alpass, (2008) An age- cohort study of
older adults with and without visual impairments: activity, independence, and life
Satisfaction, Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindnes, 517-527.
Ghubach, R., El-Rufaie, O., Zoubeidi, T., Sabri, S., Yousif , S. & Moselhy, H. F.,
(2010) Subjective life satisfaction and mental disorders among older adults in
UAE in general population, International Journal Geriatry Psychiatry, 25, 458–
465.
Guerette, Amy R. dan Smedema, Susan. M.,(2011) The relationship of perceived social
support with well-being in adults with visual impairments, Journal of Visual
Impairment & Blindness, 425-439.
Hanley, Tasse, Aman & Peace, (1998),
http://fulla.augustana.edu:2048/menu
Family
support
scale,
dari
Hogstely, M. O., Curry, L. C., Walker, C. (2000), Caring for Older Adults: The Benefits
of Informal Family Caregiving, The Journal of Theory Construction & Testing. 9
( 2), 55-60
Lee, H. S., Brennan, Patricia Flatley., Daly, Barbara J.,(2001) Relationship of empathy
to appraisal, depression, life satisfaction, and physical health in informal
caregivers of older adults, Research in Nursing & Health, 24, 44-56
Li. Y., and Chi. I., (2011), Correlates of physician visits among older adults in china:
the effects of family support, Journal of Aging and Health 23(6), 933–953
Liem, J. H.., Lustig, K., & Dillon, C. (2010) Depressive symptoms and life satisfaction
among emerging adults: a comparison of high school dropouts and graduates,
Journal Adult Development, 17, 33–43
Lightsey & Boyraz (2011) Do positive thinking and meaning mediate the positive
affect—life satisfaction relationship?, Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science ,
43 (3), 203–213
Lugera, T., Cotterb, K. A., & Shermanc, A. M. (2009) It’s all in how you view it:
Pessimism, social relations, and life satisfaction in older adults with osteoarthritis,
Aging & Mental Health, 13 (5), 635–647
Mckelvey, A., (2000) Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older
Adults, Missouri Dept of Health and Senior Svcs, 54 (17), 433-437
Merza dan Consedineb (2009) The association of family support and wellbeing in later
life depends on adult attachment style, Academia.Edu, 11 ( 2), 203-221
Miles, B. M., & Huberman, M. A (1992) Analisis Data Kualitatif, UI Press, Jakarta
Newman M. Barbara & Newman R. Philip, (2004) Development Through Life a
Psychological Approach, New York.
Organisasi
Kesehatan Dunia.
Diakses
pada
24
maret
http://manyoos.blogspot.com/2012/01/konsep-lansia.html.
2012,
dari
Papalia, E. D., Sterns, L. H., Feldman, D. R., & Camp J. C. (2002). Adult Development
and Aging, second edition, New York, mcgrw-Hill Higher Education.
Peleg, Ora (2008) The relation between differentiation of self and marital satisfaction:
what can be learned from married people over the course of life?, The American
Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 388–401.
Perrone, Kristin. M., & Civiletto, Christine. L., (2004) The impact of life role saliance
on life satisfaction, Journal Of Employment Counseling, 41, 105-116.
Platter, A. J., & Kelley, M. L., ( 2012) Effectiveness of an ducational and support
program for family members of a substance abuser, The American Journal of
Family Therapy, 40:208–213.
Purnama, Akhmad (2009), Kepuasan hidup dan dukungan sosial lanjut usia,
Yogyakarta: B2P3KS Press
Ram, Estabrook, Schupp, Wagner & Lindenberger (2008) Life satisfaction shows
terminal decline in old age: longitudinal evidence from the german socioeconomic panel study (soep), Developmental Psychology, 44 (4), 1148–1159
Ross, Reagan G., Baird, Anne., and Towson, Shelagh, (2009) Gender Role, Life
Satisfaction, and Wellness: Androgyny in a Southwestern Ontario Sample,
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 28 (2), 135 –
146
Rupert, Patricia A., Stevanovic, Pedja., Hartman, Elizabeth R, Tuminello., Bryant, Fred
B., & Miller, Alisha., (2012). Predicting work–family conflict and life satisfaction
among professional psychologists, Professional Psychology: Research and
Practice, 10, 1-8
Santoso. A, dan Budi, N. L.,(2008) Peran serta keluarga pada lansia yang mengalami
post power syndrome, Media Ners, 2 (1), 1 – 44
Shaw, E Marvin & costanzo R. Philipe (1985) Theory of social psychology (tentang
teori pertukaran sosial), second edition, Mcgraw-hill, Inc, hal 130.
Sigurdardottir, S.H et al (2012) Needs and care of older people living at home in
Iceland, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 40, 1–9
Steger, M. F. & Kashdan, T. B., (2007) Stability and specificity of meaning in life and
life satisfaction over one year, Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 161–179
Triplett, K. N. et al (2011) Posttraumatic growth, meaning in life, and life satisfaction in
response to trauma, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and
Policy, 10, 1-11
Vazquez, T. G., Fernandez, P. B., Ortiz, B. J., Yamanis. T. J., & Snyder, N. S. De
(2007).Well-being and family support among elderly rural mexicans in the context
of migration to the united states, Journal of Aging and Health, 19 (2), 334-355
Wan, Yu., & Kolanowski. (2008) Caring for Aging Chinese: Lessons Learned From the
United States, Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19 (2), 114-120
Wijayanto, Andri (2008). Hubungan antara Support System Keluarga dengan
Mekanisme Koping pada Lansia di Desa Poleng Gesi Sragen. Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Yap, Settles, & Pratt-Hyatt (2011) Mediators of the relationship between racial identity
and life satisfaction in a community sample of african american women and men,
Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17 (1), 89–97
Yeung, G. T. Y., & Fung, H. H. (2007) Social support and life satisfaction among Hong
Kong Chinese older adults: family first?, Eur Journal Ageing, 4, 219–227
Yueh-Ching Chou, Chi Chiao & Li-Yeh Fu. (2011) Health status, social support, and
quality of life among family carers of adults with profound intellectual and
multiple disabilities (PIMD) in Taiwan, Journal of Intellectual & Developmental
Disability, 36 (1), 73–79.