presentasi bar chart untuk bahasa inggri

BAR CHART 1

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  Ahmad Iltimas Ridho 2. Ananda Putri Syaviri 3. Deny Kurniawan 4. Muhammad  Dzikron

  A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart is sometimes called a column bar chart.

  One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a discrete value. Some bar graphs present bars clustered in groups of more than one (grouped bar graphs), and others show the bars divided into subparts to show cumulate effect (stacked bar graphs).

  What is a bar ?

Parts of a Bar Graph

• The graph title

   Graph Title gives an overview of the information being presented in the graph. The title is given at the top of the graph.

   Axes and their labels --Each graph has two axes. The axes labels tell us what information is presented on each axis. One axis represents data groups, the other represents the amounts or frequency of data groups.

• The

   Grouped Data Axis grouped data axis is always at the base of the bars. This axis displays the type of data being graphed.

  Frequency Data Axis --The frequency axis has a scale that is a measure of

  the frequency or amounts of the different data groups.

• Axes Scale -- Scale is the range of values being presented along the frequency axis.
• Bars --The bars are rectangular blocks that can have their base at either

  vertical axis or horizontal axis (as in this example). Each bar represents the data for one of the data groups.

• Graph Title --provides an overview of the type of information given in the

  bar graph. For the bar graph given, the title indicates that we are looking at data on:

• The axes labels tell us what information is presented on each axis. One axis represents data groups is labeled Price per

   Axes and their labels

  Bushel. The other axis is labeled Quantity Demanded .

• rectangular blocks that can have their base at either the vertical axis or horizontal axis. For this graph we can see that the base of the bars

   Bar

  are on the horizontal axis. This means that the grouped data axis is the horizontal axis and the frequency axis is the vertical axis.

   

  Vertical axis --This axis is the frequency axis and contains the quantity

  demanded given in units of bushels.

• Grouped Data Axis -- Since the the grouped data axis is always at the base

  of the bars, the grouped data axis is the horizontal axis. The axis label tells us that along the horizontal grouped data axis we have the price per bushel, with each data group being a different dollar amount from $1 to $5. Two important pieces of information we must determine are the:

  type of data being counted, and how the data is grouped.

• Frequency Data Axis -- The scale is the range of frequency values shown on

  the graph. The span of values represented is determined by the lowest and greatest values you wish to include on the graph.

  When looking at this axis, look to see where the range begins and ends, as well as at the interval between tick marks. For a further discussion on scale, read the section on Scale.

  The vertical axis is the quantity demanded given in units of bushels. In this case, the frequency scale goes from 0 to 8 0, and uses an interval of units of 10. The frequency of our data groups range over nearly the entire scale so we are able to get a good picture of our data.

  

Who’s the first appeared

The first bar graph appeared in the 1786 book 

  

The Commercial and Political Atlas, by 

  

(1759­1823). Playfair was a pioneer in 

the use of graphical displays and wrote  extensively about them.

  

How to use it

1.

  Determine the discrete range.

  2. Examine your data to find the bar with the largest value. This will help you determine the range of the vertical axis and the size of each increment.

  Then label the vertical axis.

  3. Determine the number of bars.

  4. Examine your data to find how many bars your chart will contain. These may be single, grouped, or stacked bars.

  5. Use this number to draw and label the horizontal axis.

  6. Determine the order of the bars. Bars may be arranged in any order. (A bar

  chart arranged from highest to lowest incidence is called a Pareto chart.) Normally, bars showing frequency will be arranged in chronological (time) sequence.

  7. Draw the bars. If you are preparing a grouped bar graph, remember to

  present the information in the same order in each grouping. If you are preparing a stacked bar graph, present the information in the same sequence on each bar. Bar charts provide a visual presentation of categorical data.

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  ADVANTAGES:­  1. Beautiful and neatly constructed diagrams/charts  are more attractive then simple figures  2. Comparison is made easy and it will save time of  the user to make quick comparison of large data.  3. You can record comparison between two things or  objects.  DISADVANTAGES:­  1. Graph categories can be reordered to emphasize  certain effects  2. Use only with discrete data  3. Limited space for labeling with vertical bar graphs 

  The advantages and 

  Example :

  This chart shows the populations of some European countries in 2007. The country with the largest population is Germany, with over 80 million people whereas Estonia has the smallest population, at little more than a million. Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia and Ireland all have populations or ten million or less, while Greece has a population of about eleven million. Apart from Germany, the largest countries are Spain, France and Italy with populations ranging from about forty-four to sixty-three million. Together, the four largest countries account for over eighty per cent of the population of the countries shown.

  Summary:

  This chart shows the populations of major European 

countries in 1996 and 2007. In all countries except Poland the 

population rose in this period. The largest rise was in Turkey 

where the population increased from over 62 to over 73  million, whereas the smallest increase was in Germany  where the population of 82 million rose by a few thousand. 

Spain also had a fairly large increase from 39.4 million to 44.5 

million, and France was not far behind with an increase of  almost 4 million. In the other two countries, Italy and the 

United Kingdom, population growth was more modest with 

increases of about 2.3 and 2.8 million respectively. In Poland, 

the population fell by half a million. Poland had the smallest 

population in both 1996 and 2007. Although Spain and  Portugal had comparable populations in 1996, Spain’s  population is now nearly six and a half million greater than  Poland’s.

  1. Summary:

  The bar graph shows that every year between and including 2010 and 2012, the money that has been invested has decreased 50%.

  Amount Year $10,000 2010

  2. Data Table

  $8500 2011 $5000 2012

  3. Infographics

  These images can hold massive quantities of information in a visual way. For a person who is blind or with low vision these images are troublesome.

  The information contained within an inforgraphic is too large for an Alt tag. Therefore, a text equivalent is required either below the image or on a separate web page.