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There are three approaches in studying literary psychology, one of them is expressive approach, which learn about the writer’s psychology aspect when he
expresses his creativity in his work. We can find expressive approach in pragmatic theory as one of literary discourse. This theory learn about how we describe, how
we find what the speaker’s means, whether implicit or explicit expression. In this case, the writer tries to find out the Hemingway’s expression written in the novel
The Old Man and the Sea. Referring to the background above, Santiago’s motivation to struggle far
out into the sea in Hemingway’s The old Man and the Sea is chosen as the topic of this study. As one sub topic, motivation can be analyzed in the character in the
novel.
1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic
There are some reasons why the novel The Old Man and the Sea is chosen as the subject of this analysis. The story of the novel gives a good impression to me and
it has something to offer to the reader. The story represents human nature. I believe that in human life, people often deal with psychological condition includes
motivation because psychologically people need motivation to reach their goals. People behave the way they do. People must have had motivation to do anything
to satisfy their needs. Besides the story, I choose the novel because it won The Pulitzer Prize for
fiction in 1953 and was instrumental in winning Hemingway the Nobel Prize for
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literature in 1954. It means that The Old Man and the Sea is a really good and interesting novel.
1.3 Statements of the Problem
The problems of this study are: 1.
How is Santiago’s character portrayed in the novel? 2.
What is Santiago’s motivation to struggle far out into the sea? 3.
What are the effects of the motivation found in the novel?
1.4 Objectives of the Study
Based on the problems that will be discussed in this final project, the objectives of this study are:
1. To describe Santiago’s character in the novel.
2. To analyze Santiago’s motivation to struggle far out into the sea.
3. To analyze the effects of the motivation found in the novel.
1.5 Significance of the Study
Through this study, I expect to give the explanation about Santiago’s motivation to struggle alone far out into the sea from the psychological point of view.
Hopefully it will provide some benefits: First, for the readers, especially students of Semarang State University UNNES who study Ernest Hemingway’s The Old
Man and the Sea could see how to analyze the central character’s motivation through the psychological point of view. Through the analysis, the reader will be
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helped in realizing motivation. Since motivation is the strongest influence to encourage people to do action in order to satisfy their needs.
Second, for the English teachers in teaching learning activities. They can use the novel as a mean to facilitate the discussion and analysis of literary texts in
class. It means that, a novel can be used as the facility to add variety of language teaching. I hope that the result of the study will give them a great contribution to
literary class.
1.6 Outline of the Study
