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wants to get money? There are many answers, heshe can work, heshe can do something that earns money, or even heshe can steal to get money. But that is the
bad choice. If there is a goal and there is an effort, so there must be a motivation. Motivation is important if someone wants to achieve hisher goal. When someone
does something and it is planed, heshe must have a goal and hisher goals are colored by motivation. So, motivation gives a contribution if someone wants to
achieve hisher goals.
2.4 Motivation.
2.4.1 General Meaning of Motivation
Handoko in Motivasi Daya Penggerak Tingkah Laku says that motivation is …suatu tenaga atau faktor yang terdapat dalam diri manusia, yang
menimbulkan, mangarahkan dan mengorganisasikan tingkah lakunya.1992:9
a power or factor in a human being that arouses, gives direction, and organizes his or her character
In his opinion, motivation is not only a neutral power; it can also be influenced by other factors.
…motivasi sendiri bukan merupakan suatu kekuatan yang netral, atau kekuatan yang kebal terhadap factor-factor lain, misalnya: pengalaman
masa lampau, taraf intelegensi kemampuan fisik, situasi lingkungan, cita- cita hidup.1992: 9
motivation is not a neutral power, or a power that is immune to the influence of other factors, for instance: past experience, intelligent degree,
physical ability, environment’s situation, life ideal, etc.
Richard A. Kalish in the Psychology of Human Behavior states that “motivated behavior is behavior set into motion by a need. A need indicates that
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types of satisfaction is lacking and implies that the organism is activated to reduce the dissatisfaction” 1973: 28.
He adds that, “nonetheless the motivation was strong enough to activate goal seeking behavior, which began with agitated feelings and ended with that
behavior that satisfied his need” 1971: 30. Maslow in Goble’s The Third Force says that people conduct action to
fulfill their needs: He says “man is initially motivated by a series of basic needs; as these are satisfied, he moves toward the level of the higher needs and becomes
motivated by them” 1971: 47. Houston says that “many modern psychologists have taken a different way
in trying to characterize motivation. Specifically, they have pointed out that when we speak of motivation, we refer to factors, which initiate and direct behavior,
and to those that determine the intensity and the persistence of that behavior.” 1985: 5.
2.4.2 Lets look at each of these aspects of the over all concept of motivation separately.
a. Initiation
