3.2.1 Population
Best 1981 states that a population is any group of individuals that have one or more characteristics in common those are of interest to the researcher.
Population that the writer used in her study was the fifth graders of SDN 4 Sampangan, who still actively studied in the academic year 20082009. There
were 43 students, so the population was 43 students. The writer took the fifth graders based on the consideration that English has been taught in the school as a
local content subject.
3.2.2 Sample and Sampling Technique
In order to study a population more effectively, a researcher has to select a sample. Brown 1988:114 states that a sample is a sub group taken from the
population to represent it. While sampling is technique of choosing representatives of the population.
From the sample or representatives we can generalize the result for the whole population. Arikunto, 2002:109.
In this study, the writer applied total sampling since the writer took all the populations as a sample. The numbers of them are 43 students.
3.2.3 Variables
A variable is anything which does not remain constant Nunan 1992: 25. A variable is a concept which has value. The value always changes from one unit
of analysis to another unit of analysis Mursid Saleh 2001:25. In this study, there are two variables. They are independent variable and the dependent variable.
The independent variable is the condition or characteristics that the researcher manipulates in attempt to a certain relationship to observe phenomena.
The dependent variable is the condition or characteristics that appears, disappears, or changes as the researcher introduces, removes, or changes the independent
variable. In this experiment: 1 The independent variable was the use of Total Physical Response as a
teaching technique in teaching English Direction. 2 The dependent variable was the students’ improvement in mastering English
direction after being treated using Total Physical Response.
3.3 Instruments of the Study
Kategori