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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This research is going to examine the influence of the Indonesian language on simplified structure of English. Therefore, a review of theories related to a
comparison of Indonesian language and English, pidgin, second language acquisition, age, personality, motivation and L1 transfer will be discussed in
theoretical description. Furthermore, the theories which are related to the research questions will be elaborated in theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
This part elaborates several theories on main differences between Indonesian and English, pidgin, second language acquisition, age, personality, motivation,
and L1 transfer.
1. Main Differences between Indonesian and English
English proficiency has become an obligatory for everyone recently, including Indonesians. It can be seen from numerous places which offer English
learning, English in traffic signs, commercial advertisements, English as one of requirements in job vacancies, and so on. These are evidences of the fame of
English in Indonesia. Therefore, learning English as a second language is easily found in Indonesia. Due to the high demand of English oral and written
proficiency, adults, adolescence, teenagers, and even children are willing to learn English as early as possible in order to equip themselves to be ready in facing
global era. Concisely, everyone is willing to learn English, including pedicab
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drivers. Pedicab drivers realize that English can be one of assets to welcome foreign tourists and earn money for living. Although the pedicab drivers never go
to school and learn English in such a classroom or join an English course, but it does not become a barrier to be able to speak English. It is undeniable that the
local language is used in colloquial by the pedicab drivers frequently rather than Indonesian language. Besides, the pedicab drivers come from villages in which
the inhabitants preferably use the local language. Nevertheless, Indonesian language is acknowledged as the national language. Therefore, the researcher
decided to choose Indonesian language as the main topic discussed in this research. Since it is impossible to completely account for the two languages,
Indonesian language and English, this part will only treat the main differences between them. The traditional grammarians divided words into 10 classifications,
namely noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, numeral, determiner, preposition, conjunction and interjection. Both Indonesian language and English own those
classifications. The differences can be found in inflection. In English, inflections of noun, verb, adjective, adverb and genitive are acknowledged Quirk, 1973: 58,
while Indonesian language does not have inflection, for example: English
: [1] I go is 1st person singular
[2] You go is 2nd person singular [3] He goes is 3rd person singular with goes as a
different spelling of go. Indonesian
: [4] Saya pergi
[5] Kamu pergi,
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[6] Dia pergi the verbs remain the same Furthermore, Indonesian language employs adverb of time to express
grammatical time relations. English, on the contrary, employs tenses for verb to express grammatical time relations.
English :
[7] She works in New York. Indonesian
: [8] Dia bekerja di New York.
English :
[9] She worked in New York Indonesian
: [10] Dulu dia bekerja di New York.
To indicate plural form, Indonesian language and English have different
concepts. Indonesian language does not have plural suffix which is comparable to English s. Indonesian plural concept is understood by context or by
reduplication, for example: English
: [11] houses, students
Indonesian :
[12] rumah-rumah, murid-murid Concerning noun phrase and verb phrase, Indonesian language and
English have dissimilar concept. A complete sentence in English as well as in Indonesian must have at least a subject and a predicate. Meanwhile, in Indonesian
language, the predicate can be a verb phrase, an adjective phrase or a noun phrase. On the contrary, predicate of a sentence in English should be in a form of verb
phrase Keraf, 1979: 148.
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2. Pidgin
Kategori