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twelve pedicab drivers who were eligible to be research participants. There were two research questions to be answered in this research. The first research question
was intended to know how pedicab drivers use English. To answer this, the researcher interviewed five of twelve research participants. Furthermore, the
research subject for the second research question was the transcribed conversations between twelve pedicab drivers and foreign tourists. The researcher
analyzed the transcripts in order to obtain the Indonesian influences on English simplified structure.
B. Research Instruments
In order to obtain the reliable data to figure out the research questions, the researcher employed three different types of research instruments. They are
researcher as a human instrument, interview guide, and documents.
1. The Researcher as Human Instrument
In this research, the researcher had significant role in gathering the data. Poggenpoel Myburgh 2003 defined researcher as a human instrument when
the researcher becomes the one in obtaining the data from the respondents. Another scholar, namely Drake 2006, also coined that researcher as a human
instrument is “when human beings act first as data collection instruments by collecting large amounts of data using methods including detailed interview and
prolonged observation.” Furthermore, the researcher facilitated interaction between pedicab drivers and foreign tourists. Concisely, the researcher became
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the instrument in gathering the data, analyzing the data and interpreting the data into meaningful information.
2. Interview Guide
Interview was another instrument applied in this research. The researcher was convinced that drawing conclusion merely based on transcripts would not
depict research findings and conclusion thoroughly. In Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
2001: 954, interview is defined as “a formal meeting at
which someone is asked questions in order to find out whether they are suitable for job or course of study.
” In this research, interview is functioned as a tool to collect
subjects’ points of view, including opinions, beliefs and feelings related to particular situation openly Ary et al., 2002: 434. The questions of the interview
were expected to achieve information from the subjects that could not be obtained from the transcripts. The subjects expressed their feelings, viewpoints, beliefs, and
opinions related to their experiences in acquiring English and escorting the foreign tourists. Therefore, appropriate questions that could persuade the pedicab drivers
in answering the questions truthfully should lead to thorough information that could not be covered by transcripts of recorded conversation between pedicab
drivers and foreign tourists. The obtained data from interview completed with transcripts of recorded conversation assisted the researcher to answer the research
questions. The type of interview which was employed in this research was semi-
structured interview. This type of interview allows the researcher to alter the order of the questions although the framework has been obviously prepared
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McDonough McDonough, 1997: 183. The interview offered several significances in assisting the researcher to gather the data. Due to the questions
which were given to pedicab drivers, the researcher gained thorough information related to pedicab drivers’ social background, explicitly pedicab drivers’ origin,
age, last education, time of working as a pedicab driver, experiences in acquiring English, and point of view about English.
3. Documents
