The Description of Western and Eastern Kissing

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THE DESCRIPTION OF WESTERN AND EASTERN KISSING

A PAPER

WRITTEN

BY

FADHIL PUTRA AKBAR SIREGAR

REG. NO: 112202045

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

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Approved by Supervisor,

Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of English Diploma Study Program,

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. NIP. 19521126198112 1 001

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatra Utara

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held on May 15th, 2014

Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara

Dean,

Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. NIP. 19511013197603 1 001

Board of Examiners Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)

2. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum (Supervisor)

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AUTHOR'S DECLARATION

I am, FADHIL PUTRA AKBAR SIREGAR, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person‘s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main

text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ………….. Date : July 11th, 2014

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : FADHIL PUTRA AKBAR SIREGAR

Title of Paper : THE DESCRIPTION OF WESTERN AND EASTERN KISSING

Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya Study Program : English

1. I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed : ………. Date : July 11th, 2014

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ABSTRACT

This paper is entitled The Description of Western and Eastern Kissing. Culture is a way of life that developed and owned jointly by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation. Kissing is a universal expression in the social life that represent, feelings of affection, love (sexual love, parental love, love child), and respect. While western it is one culture that develops due to the impact of globalization. In this task, explains how cultural differences kissing on the west and east. And various types of kissing as well as the benefits of kissing.

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ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berjudul The Description of Western and Eastern Kissing. Budaya adalah suatu cara hidup yang berkembang dan dimiliki bersama oleh sebuah kelompok orang dan diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi. Ciuman adalah ekspresi universal dalam kehidupan sosial yang mewakili perasaan kasih sayang, cinta (cinta seksual, cinta orangtua, cinta anak), dan rasa hormat. Sementara budaya barat merupakan salah satu kebudayaan yang berkembang karena dampak dari globalisasi. Dalam tugas ini menjelaskan bagaimana perbedaan budaya berciuman dari barat dan timur. Dan berbagai macam jenis berciuman beserta manfaat berciuman.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT, the Almighty God for His blessing and leading me during all my life. Praise is to the prophet Muhammad SAW, the leader of messengers and guiding of faithful so that I could finish my study to fulfill one of requirements for the degree of Ahli Madya from the English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

Then, I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA, and all the staffs for their help during the period of study in this faculty.

I would like to thank to Drs. Matius C. A. Sembiring, M.A as the Head of English Department for giving all facilities and opportunities during my academic years and in completing this paper. I would like to express my special gratitude to my supervisor, Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. for his support and beneficial suggestion, and their willingness to share time in correcting this thesis throughout the preparation of this thesis and the period of doing this paper. I also would like to thank to Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum as my reader and all lecturers who have given so much knowledge throughout my academic years especially to my academic supervisor. I would like to thank to Kak Putri who always helps me in administration process.

My best, deepest appreciation and love are dedicated to my beloved father, Arna Syafri Siregar and my beloved mother, Dartini, who always pray, support, and advice me with their love. For my sisters Annisa Putri Siregar and Eka Indah Sari Siregar.Ssi, my brother Arif Fadly Siregar, I would like to thank a lot for their love, support and time to share and lead me. Last but not least, I would like

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to thank to my lovely grandmother and all of my big family, for their love and support. I really love them all. I hope I can make them proud of me.

My special thank is dedicated to Rizky Juliant and Siska Amelia for the support and time to share with me. I would like to thank to my friends in English Department Rizka, Amd. and Putri, Amd. Who always help and support me every time in every condition, thank for their love and care, thank for their having great time together and spending our three years in sweet memories, I love you all, my friends. I also would like to thank to my best friends Yuda, Ilham, Doli, Yudi, Mail, Rizky, Sahuri and Fazlan thank you for filling my life with our friendship, thank for their help, support, advice and love for having great time together.

To all my classmates in English Departmen‘11 whose names can‘t be

mentioned one by one, thank for their help and support for spending our great times together in three years. I‘m lucky to know them all, the last thanks are dedicated to my senior and junior in SOLIDAS.

Finally, may this paper be advantageous for the readers. May the grace and love of the Almighty Allah SWT be with us all forever. Aamiin.

Medan, 11th July 2014 The writer

Fadhil Putra Akbar Srg Reg. No: 112202045

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ABSTRACT ... iii

ABSTRAK ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Study ... 1

1.2 The Scope of Study ... 2

1.3 The Problem of Study ... 2

1.4 The Objective of Study ... 2

1.5 The Significance of Study ... 2

1.6 The Method of Study ... 2

2.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Culture ... 3

2.2 Kissing ... 4

2.3 Western ... 11

2.4 Eastern ... 14

3. THE DESCRIPTION OF WESTERN AND EASTERN KISSING 3.1 Kind of Kissing in The World ... 18

3.2 Differences Kissing in Western and Eastern Culture ... 39

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ... 42

4.2 Suggestion ... 43

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study

Literature is the result of cultural belonging in science knowledge and art. If you view the literary sense, we can see from various ways, including Jean Paul Sartre. Which says that the literature is unit merely an activity that stands on emotional.

Culture is a way of life that developed and owned jointly by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation. While western culture is one culture that develops due to the impact of globalization. Wellek& Warren

(1971:3) say, ―Literature is the mirror of human life that portrays human feeling,

thought, imagination and perception which can be viewed based on personal judgment.

Culture is closely connected with the community. Melville J. Herskovits and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that everything contained in the society is determined by the culture which is owned by the community itself. The term for it is the opinion of Cultural-determinism.

Herskovits view culture as something handed down from one generation to another, which is then referred to as super organic.

Kissing is a universal expression in the social life that represent feelings of affection, love (sexual love, parental love, love child), and respect. According to Crawley, touch is "the mother of feelings," and a kiss is a form of touch that shows an intimate relationship.

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The art of kissing in different cultures varies. Kissing has long been considered as an act of intimacy, closeness and familiarity. Kissing each cheek is a sign of friendship and welcome while kissing on the mouth signifies something deeper and more meaningful.

1.2The Scope of Study

The author would like to analysie and explain cultural differences kissing of Eastern and Western cultures.

1.3The Problem of Study

a. What is the kissing differences in Eastern and Western cultures? b. What are the benefits of the kissing?

1.4The Objective of Study

The purpose of writing in this paper is to explain how the differened of culture between western and eastern about kissing.

1.5The Significance of Study

The significance of Study is divided into two sections, they are: a. To analyze the differences kissing in Eastern and Western cultures. b. To find out the purpose and function of the kiss .

1.6The Method of Study

The writer uses the work of the library method that is by collecting data from books in the library and also searched the information from internet. The writer read and noted that data then selected to be interpreted.

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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Culture

Culture refers to the dynamic totality of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features which characterize a society or social group. It includes the art and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions, heritage and beliefs developed over time and subject to change. Drama, Dance, Language and indigenous Art have conventionally been described as some of the subsectors of culture.

There are definitions stated by experts in culture :

1. Edward B. Taylor

Culture is a complex whole, that it contains the knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, mores, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.

2. M. Jacobs and B.J. Stern

Culture covers all forms of technology including social, ideological, religious, and arts and objects, all of which are social heritage.

3. Koentjaraningrat

Culture is a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of human beings in order to become a society that human beings belong to learn.

4. Dr. K. Kupper

Culture is a system of ideas that guide and driver for the human in attitude and behavior, both individually and in groups.

5. William H. Haviland

Culture is a set of rules and norms that are shared by members of the public, which if carried out by its members will bear behavior deemed feasible and can be received by all communities.

6. Ki Hajar Dewantara

Culture means the fruit of the human mind is the result of the struggle of man against two strong influences, the nature of the times and is a testament to the triumph of human life to overcome the obstacles and hardships in life and livelihood in order to achieve salvation and happiness at the birth is orderly and peaceful.

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7. Francis Merill

Behavioral patterns are generated by social interaction

All behavior and all products produced by someone as a member of a community that is found through symbolic interaction.

8. Bounded et.al

Culture is something that is formed by the development and transmission of human beliefs through certain symbols, such as language symbols as a series of symbols that are used to divert the cultural beliefs among the members of a society. The messages about the culture, which is expected to be found in the media, government, religious institutions, educational systems and such.

9. Mitchell (Dictionary of Soriblogy)

Culture is the most overall looping action or human activity and human-generated products that have been popular in the community socially and not just in the genetikal switch.

10. Robert H. Lowie

Culture is everything in getting individuals from the community, including beliefs, customs, norms artistic, eating habits, skills obtained not from his own creativity but rather a legacy of the past which can be through formal or informal education.

11. Archaeologists R. Seokmono

Culture is all the result of human effort, either an object or just a piece of mind and the life.

12. Geertz (1973, 89)

culture is ―an historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in

symbols.‖ Culture, on such a view, is like a text—something that needs to be

interpreted through the investigation of symbols.

13. Herskovits (1948, 17)

Culture is the man-made part of the environment.

14. Meade (1953, 22)

Culture is the total shared, learned behavior of a society or a subgroup.

2.2 Kissing

A kiss is the pressing of one‘s lips against another person or an object.

Cultural connotations of kissing vary widely. Depeding on the culture and context, a kiss cn express sentiments of love, passion, affection, respect, greeting, friendship, peace and good luck, among many others.

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In some situations a kiss is a ritual, formal or symbolic gesture indicating devotion, respect, or sacrament. The word came from Old English cyssan (―to

kiss‖), in turn from coss (―a kiss‖).

Kissing started early in our evolution. Even Chimpanzees kiss after a fight. Scientists are not quite sure why we kiss; only that kissing may be an instinctual action. It could also be the result of learned behaviour. One theory is that kissing helps us sniff out desired qualities in a mate. When we smell the person we kiss, our pheromones communicate and exchange information.

(Hall 1966: 1) Whereas kissing prehistorically might have originated in a mother feeding her infant by transferring chewed food from mouth to mouth, nowadays, it is a form of communication that is acknowledged in most cultures, in one form or another.

The data is in from studies around the globe, a smooch a day will definitely keep the doctor away! Kissing has head-to-toe health benefits. So tell

that cutie you have been yearning for to ―pucker up for good health,‖ because

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1) Improves your mood

During a lip-lock the brain releases dopamine and which is responsible for feelings of desire and bonding, and serotonin that elevates your mood. The feelings and emotions stirred up, and molecules and chemicals released

throughout the body from a kiss can heal emotional ―boo boos.‖

2) Decreases STRESS

In the moments of a great kiss, the chaos of the outside world is quiet,

there‘s silence in the mind, and the body relaxes and releases stress away. A kiss

lowers stress by decreasing the body‘s cortisol levels also known as the stress

hormone. At the same time kissing stimulates the brain and creates a sense of peace and calmness by altering the body‘s oxytocin levels.

3) Keeps you skin toned

Kissing involves 34 facial muscles, and 112 postural muscles. The most important muscle involved in the peck is the orbicularis oris – as it puckers the lips.

4) Can prevent cavities

Throw in a little tongue and you may keep the dentist away. Kissing increases saliva production and this saliva washes away bacteria that can cause cavities, tooth decay, and plaque build-up.

5) Can Cure allergies

Kissing decreases IgE antibodies in the blood that are responsible for the release of histamine. Histamine release in the blood stream causes allergy

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symptoms such as sneezing and watery eyes. Therefore, more kissing means less sneezing and histamine release.

6) Burns calories

As you lean in, your lips touch, and your heart skips a beat. Well maybe it

doesn‘t skip a beat, but it definitely beats faster. As the heart beats faster it

releases adrenaline, also known as epinephrine and other neurotransmitters in the blood. The boost in adrenaline increases your metabolism and helps burn calories.

A study by Dr. Alexander DeWees showed ―a passionate kiss, lasting about

twenty seconds can burn up to 2-3 calories per minute.‖ 7) Makes heart healthy

Kissing keeps your blood pressure & cholesterol level low. A study of cohabiting and married couples showed an increased frequency of kissing decreased stress, increased relationship satisfaction, and decreased cholesterol levels. Stress is a well-known risk factor for heart disease. Therefore kisses keep you heart healthy with a one two punch by lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels and stabilizing the cardiovascular system.

8) Provides immunity against illness

Swapping spit means swapping germs and that is nature‘s natural

vaccination. Being exposed to others‘ germs your body makes antibodies against

those germs, which can in turn lead to immunity and prevent illness. But wait a minute, kissing and the exchange of saliva can lead to the transmission of some diseases, including mononucleosis, the flu, and cold sores (herpes) if the virus is present in the saliva. Please be mindful many people today have severe food

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allergies; exposure to these allergens (such as peanuts, shellfish) through a kiss can be deadly.

9) Relieves pain

After a long day do you have a little back pain? If so, take 2 kisses and skip the pain reliever. Kissing releases natural chemicals in the body called endorphins that can be more powerful than the narcotic morphine to relieve pain (without the constipation morphine causes).

10) Can add years to your life

Kissing your hunnie goodbye in the morning can increase HIS life by 5

years. It‘s true, studies have shown men live longer when they are married, and

kiss their spouse or partner goodbye in the morning. Sorry ladies, the same is not true for us. But a great kiss can curl your toes and leave you wanting more when he comes home.

The Origin of Kissing

The earliest literary evidence we have for kissing dates back to around

1500 B.C. from India‘s Vedic Sanskrit texts, the foundations of the Hindu religion. There is no mention of the word ―kiss,‖ but we do find intriguing references to ―licking,‖ and ―drinking moisture of the lips.‖ By the third century

A.D., the Vatsyayana Kamasutra (better known as the Kama Sutra), included an entire chapter lavishly describing ways of kissing a lover.

There is no doubt that people in India have been kissing for thousands of years, but they were not the only ones. A Babylonian creation story known as theEnuma elish recorded on stone tablets in the seventh century B.C. contains

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several kisses in greeting and supplication. More famously, the Old Testament (estimated to have been assembled during the 12 centuries before the birth of Christ) abounds with this gesture. For example, Jacob deceptively kisses his blind

and ailing father while dressed as his twin brother Esau, stealing Isaac‘s blessing

along with the power to rule. A more sensual kiss is described in the Song of

Solomon, which reads, ―Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth: For thy

love is better than wine.‖

From ancient Greece, we see kissing in Homer‘s epics, passed down

through oral tradition and finally recorded between the eighth and seventh centuries B.C. Odysseus is kissed by his slaves upon returning home and King

Priam kisses Achilles‘ hands to plead for the return of his deceased son‘s body.

Centuries later,The Histories by Herodotus, includes kissing among the Persians. Ethiopian kings were kissed on the foot and Numidian kings were considered too supreme to be kissed at all. Herodotus also reported that Egyptians would not kiss Greeks on their mouths because Greeks consumed their sacred animal, the cow.

The Romans, meanwhile, enjoyed a strong and vibrant kissing culture. They were pioneers of introducing the kiss to other parts of the world via military conquests. Roman poets such as Catullus and Ovid celebrated the kiss and members of the populace were avid mouth-to-mouth practitioners. According to classicist Donald Lateiner of Ohio Wesleyan University, Roman men even seem to have developed a ―mouth fixation,‖ expressing very high standards for who was worthy to be kissed. There were also several important laws on kissing and its significance as a social custom at the time.

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With the rise of Christianity, the church grew increasingly concerned

about kissing. However, St. Peter referred to the ―kiss of charity,‖ and St. Paul

wrote, ―Salute one another with a holy kiss.‖ Priests worried these instructions

might encourage carnal sin with the apparent blessing of the church, and some reacted by separating men and women in their congregations.

The Romans were pioneers of introducing the kiss to other parts of the world via military conquests.

Throughout the Middle Ages, kisses served as a demonstration of one‘s

social standing. A king‘s subjects would kiss his ring and robe, his hands, or even

the ground before him. Similarly, people pressed their lips to the pope‘s ring and

slipper. The kiss also served as a sign of trust between feudal lords and vassals. Knights kissed at jousting tournaments and would receive one from the person they protected as thanks for a year of service. During this period, many men did not know how to read and write, so a kiss was used as a legal way to seal

contracts. They drew an ―X‖ on the line and kissed it to make it legal, which has

carried over into the way we now write ―X‖ to symbolize a kiss today.

During the Industrial Revolution, the hand kiss became popular in England and eventually evolved into the handshake. The advance of globalization integrated kissing further across the globe, and where it wasn‘t already practiced, a European version of it would soon arrive thanks to adventurers, tradesmen, and modern technology. By 1872, Charles Darwin theorized that given the diversity and popularity of kissing and related behaviors around the world, humans must

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possess an innate desire to connect this way. As he surmised, kissing is rooted in our evolutionary past, but significantly influenced by unique social norms and customs.

2.1 Western

Western culture is a body of knowledge derived from reason. This foundation of reason has made possible a vast accumulation of understanding related to reality or nature, including human nature. This understanding is represented in several core ideals and values, which include individualism, happiness, rights, capitalism, science and technology.

Western culture can also be referred to as advanced culture; this is because its ideas and values promote the development and sustainment of advanced civilization. Western culture can also be referred to as advanced culture; this is because its ideas and values promote the development and sustainment of advanced civilization.

Western culture refers to the culture of any country that is part of "the western world", and such a country is a country that has a European heritage/history with the original core major influence being the Roman and Greek empires. A western country is almost always a democracy, has a neo-liberal capitalist economy, has separation of church and state (i.e. is not a theocracy), and generally has high living standards with a materialistic and individualistic society. The USA, the UK, France, Canada and Australia are prime examples of western countries.

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The Western World generally has higher standards of living than the Eastern World. Because the Americas were settled by Europeans, English, Spanish, and Portuguese dominate in the Americas.

Around the world, all Western nations are relatively similar in terms of language, most using the Latin alphabet. Greece is an exception with its own Greek alphabet, and Israel is a western nation using the Hebrew alphabet, Russia also has its own alphabet. Western nations have similar culture, traditions, religion (predominantly Christianity in most countries but also Atheism) and philosophies, and customs. The most cultural diversity in the West is in countries such as Italy, Germany and Russia. Russia was the first country of the West to implement communism, later replaced by a criminalized free market economy Plutocracy.

Brief History

Western culture began in Ancient Greece. There and in the Roman civilization it developed until the start of the Middle Ages when it largely vanished from Europe. During the Middle Ages, Western culture resided, instead, in the Arab / Persian world to a modest degree.

Then the rediscovery of Western culture in Europe in the Late Middle

Ages prompted the Renaissance. Western culture‘s continuing development then

led to the Scientific Revolution, the Enlightenment, the American Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and to what is considered today as modern civilization.

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Today, Western culture has at least some presence in nearly all nations of the world. It does not currently exist, however, anywhere in a perfect and complete form. Wherever Western culture exists, it is at least partially mixed— and often largely mixed—with non-Western culture.

Western culture currently dominates in many Western and Central European nations and several nations settled by Europeans and their descendants. Western culture also significantly exists in many Asian nations, such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore, and it is increasingly influential in India and China.

It has only a modest presence in most of the rest of Asia as well as Latin America and Eastern Europe. In much of both Africa and the Middle East, Western culture currently has little meaningful presence.Since Western culture is based on objective reality and universal human nature, it is open to everyone, transcending both geography and race.

In other words, Western culture is humanity‘s culture. Contrary to

conventional belief, one does not need to be Caucasian or of European descent to admire Western culture or, indeed, even help to build it. Any individual or society on earth can adopt it and thereby become Westernized.

Indeed, millions of people each year with no ancestral ties to Europe recognize the universal appeal of Western culture. They do so by immigrating to and immersing themselves in nations where Western culture has meaningful presence. Or they personally embrace and promote Western culture in the nations where they live.

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These adopters of Western culture understand that truth is truth, ideals are ideals and values are values—and it does not matter from where such things come or who originally discovered or identified them. In other words, adopters of Western culture know, on some level, that culture is an intellectual matter, not an issue of geography or race—or, for that matter, an issue of ethnicity, language, class, national origin or gender.

Western Countries 1

United

Kingdom 12 Canada 23 Luxembourg

2 Austria 13 United States) 24 Norway

3 Belgium 14 Venezuela 25 Poland

4 Czech Republic 15 Argentina 26 Portugal

5 Denmark 16 Brazil 27 Russia

6 France 17 Chile 28 Romania

7 Greece 18 Colombia 29 Vatican

8 Hungary 19 Mexico 30 Slovenia

9 Ireland 20 Venezuela 31 Spain

10 Italy 21 Australia New Zealand 32 Sweden

11 Germany 22 Ukraine 33 Switzerland

2.2 Eastern

Eastern nation is a nation that upholds norms of decency enough, with a value of civility and mutual respect for each human being it will be tied together and the concern among humans. So the attitude of the nation east ang personality famous for its hospitality to be friendly to emulate in order to awaken a positive attitude on the personality of each individual.

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Eastern culture generally refers to the societal norms of countries in Far East Asia (including China, Japan, Vietnam, North Korea and South Korea) and the Indian subcontinent. Like the West, Eastern culture was heavily influenced by religion during its early development. In general, in Eastern culture there is less of a distinction between secular society and religious philosophy than there is in the West.

Eastern culture has developed many themes and traditions. Some important ones are:

 Abrahamic religions (aka West Asian religions or Western religion)

 Christianity — the majority of the modern world adheres to this faith although it isn't widely practiced in its native continent of Asia anymore and since the faith had spread to the Western World the notion of "Europe" and the "Western World" has been intimately connected with the concept of "Christianity and Christendom" many even attribute Christianity for being the link that created a unified European identity.

 Islam — the majority of the world Muslim population have always lived in Asia, due to Islam spreading and becoming the dominant religion of these areas.

 Judaism — an ethnic culture and religion originating with the Ancient Israelites/Hebrews in the Fertile Crescent, or what is now Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon.They eventually evolved into the Ashkenazi, Sephardic, and Mizrahi Jews of the diaspora.

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Brief History

The earliest civilizations in history were established in the region now known as the Middle East around 3500 BC by the Sumerians, in Mesopotamia (Iraq), widely regarded as the cradle of civilization. The Sumerians and the Akkadians (later known as Babylonians and Assyrians) all flourished in this region. In the course of the fourth millennium BC, city-states developed in southern Mesopotamia that were dominated by temples whose priests represented the cities' patron deities. The most prominent of the city-states was Sumer, which gave its language to the area and became the first great civilization of mankind. About 2340 BC, Sargon the Great (c. 2360–2305 BC) united the city-states in the south and founded the Akkadian dynasty, the world's first empire.

Soon after the Sumerian civilization began, the Nile valley of ancient Egypt was unified under the Pharaohs in the 4th millennium BC, and civilization quickly spread through the Fertile Crescent to the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea and throughout the Levant. The Elamites, Hittites, Amorites, Phoenicians, Israelites and others later built important states in this region.

The East historically was the richest part of the world, where trade and innovation flourished. First Universities were created based on the Eastern (Islamic) paragon; the Muslim World's middle ages were a golden era in North Africa and Western Asia, as well as Eastern Asia.

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Eastern Countries

1 AZERBAIJAN 16 MALDIVES 31 JAPAN

2 ARMENIA 17 MONGOLIA 32 JORDAN

3 BAHRAIN 18 NEPAL 33 KAZAKHSTAN

4 BANGLADESH 19 NORTH KOREA 34 KUWAIT

5 BHUTAN 20 OMAN 35 KYRGYZSTAN

6 BRUNEI 21 PAKISTAN 36 LAOS

7 BURMA 22 PHILIPPINES 37 LEBANON

8 CAMBODIA 23 QATAR 38 MALAYSIA

9 CHINA 24 SAUDI ARABIA 39 THAILAND

10 EAST TIMOR 25 SINGAPORE 40 TURKEY

11 INDIA 26 SOUTH KOREA 41 TURKMENISTAN

12 INDONESIA 27 SRI LANKA 42 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

13 IRAN 28 SYRIA 43 UZBEKISTAN

14 IRAQ 29 TAIWAN 44 VIETNAM

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3. THE DESCRIPTION OF WESTERN AND EASTERN KISSING 3.1 Kind of Kissing in The World

Christopher Nyrop, in his book, The Kiss and its History (1901), describes the five main types of kisses: kisses of love, affection kiss, the kiss of peace, respect kiss, and a kiss of friendship.

a) Kisses of loves is the message of the longing of love joy, eternal love, and desire. "He adds, that the love kiss" and bestows an intoxicating feeling of infinite happiness, and therefore surpasses all other earthly happiness. b) Love kiss is the feeling of love without the element of eroticism. This type

of kiss expressing affection, gratitude, sympathy, joy, and deep sadness. c) kiss of peace is an expression of deep spiritual love.

d) The kiss of respect has been practiced by people in ancient times in honor of the gods, kings and emperors, the temple and the altar.

e) kiss of friendship is a common way to express feelings of affection or as a greeting between friends or acquaintances.

There are types of kissing :

1. Aggressive Kiss : While kissing your partner, gently bite down on their lower lip and look up at them. Start sucking on the bottom lip to give them a great sensation.

2. All Over Kiss : Grab your partner gently, then begin kissing the forehead, moving down to the nose. Tenderly, with an aggressive feeling, give your

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partner your best kiss right on the lips. Next, move your way down and continue with your own imagination.

3. Angel Kiss : This is a sweet, comforting kiss. Gently and ever so lightly kiss your partner either on the eye lid or right next to the eyes.

4. Angel's Wings Kiss : Take a piece of ice and place it in the small of her back. Slowly move the ice up her back to her shoulder blades. End the kiss by gently sucking until the ice melts.

5. Animal Kisses : Prior to kissing, select a bunch of animals and write them down. As you kiss, select different animals and then kiss how you think that animal species kisses. The next animal is selected when the animal's kiss is acheived.

6. Back Kisses : Remove your partners shirt and have them lie down on their stomach. Sit comfortably over your partners lower back and start kissing from the neck all the way down their back, while softly licking & breathing where you have kissed. This will give your partner cold shivers and it is very exciting.

7. Bambi Kiss : A light lick on the side of the face.

8. Belly Button Kiss : Lightly kiss and blow on her belly button. It should give her the shivers and make her giggle.

9. Belly Button Kiss 2 : Lift your shirt and your partners (no shirts work too). Place your belly button's against each other. You'll be at the perfect height for an intimate kiss.

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10.Belly Button Lick : Get a yummy cream or drink (whipped cream, etc) and fill your girlfriend/boyfriends belly button with it and lick it out. 11.Belly Button Shot Kiss : Put some wine in your partners belly button,

then use your tongue to get it out or you can gently suck it out. This is a sexy, fun kiss.

12.Belly Kiss : Get down on one knee. Softly lift your partners shirt to reveal a little bit of their belly, then kiss what is revealed. This kiss can lead to more.

13.Belly Ring Kiss : If your girl has a belly ring, this is a fun kiss. Get down on one knee and slowly lift her shirt to expose her belly button, kissing around her belly button area. Next, kiss directly on the belly button and softly take your tongue, running it slowly around her belly button. Doing this a few times will definitely turn her on.

14.Belly Ring Kiss : This is only used if your partner has a belly ring. Have your partner lay on the sofa, then slowly stick your tongue out on their navel. Move your tongue around it, gently sucking and licking.

15.Blow Kiss : While kissing with a little bit of tongue you blow into your partners' mouth causing there cheeks to poof up! Its so much fun and it'll make your partner giggle! Don't blow too hard!

16.Bottom Lip Kiss : While kissing your partner, gently suck on their bottom lip. If you can, slightly pull away with their lip while you suck on it. This is a very passionate kiss that is fun to do and usually leads to more intense kissing.

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17.Breath Kiss : While kissing, pull back slowly and make your way to the person's cheek or neck, and tell them to sit still. Gently breathe out of your mouth on the cheek/neck, and listen to them giggle and groan with delight! 18.Bubble Bath Kiss : Fill the bath tub up with water and tons of bubble bath. While in the tub together, wash and kiss each other at the same time. You and your partner will both love it and it can lead to even more fun things.

19.Bubble Gum Kiss : Blow a bubble with your favorite bubble gum, then ask your partner to put his or her mouth over the bubble and start kissing. 20.Butterfly Kiss : With your faces less than a breath away, open and close

your eyelids against your partners. If done correctly, the fluttering sensation will match the one in your heart.

21.Buzzing Kiss : Gently place your lips against your lover's neck, behind their ear. Now, send a shudder through their skin by gently growling and humming, vibrating your lips and cheeks as you do so. Move up and down the neck, over the bones of the face and lips. Stimulating and erotic when done correctly.

22.Cheek Kiss : A friendly, "I really like you" kiss. Often the preferred kissing method of a first date. With your hands on your partner's shoulders, gently brush your lips across her cheek.

23.Collarbone Kiss : Begin kissing your partner's neck, all the way up by the ear, then slowly work your way down their neck to their collarbone. This is very sensual and arousing.

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24.Cotton Candy Kiss : Put a big piece of cotton candy in your mouth and start kissing your partner. The cotton candy melts and it tastes amazing! 25.Cute Kiss : For some fun, gently and quickly kiss all over their face and

neck, while at the same time holding each other like you havent seen them for years. This is a way to start something fun!

26.Deep Throat Kiss : Grab your partner (not too rough) and kiss them, with both of your mouths wide open, like you are trying to reach the back of their throat.

27.Dizzy Kiss : Before kissing, both you and your partner spin around in circles separately. Do this one minute to three minutes, then try to kiss each other.

28.Drink Kiss : Take a sip of your favorite drink (wine, something fruity, etc). Give your partner a kiss and a little taste of the beverage at the same time.

29.Duck Kiss : Move your head back and forth like a duck while your tongue moves in and out of your partners mouth like a lizard.

30.Ear Kiss : While your kissing/or just sitting there with your partner lightly kiss your partners neck move up to his/her ear and lightly suck and lick his ear. DON'T stick your tongue in his ear as that's a big turn off. But keep it light and your partner wont keep their hands off of you.

31.Earlobe Kiss : Gently sip and suck the earlobe. Avoid louder sucking noises as ears are sensitized noise detectors.

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32.Eskimo Kiss : With your faces less than a breath apart, gently rub your noses together.

33.Extra Texture : Stand or kneel behind your partner. With them either laying down or sitting with head tilted back, kiss while rubbing the tops of your tongues together. The cat-like lick feeling is incredible.

34.Eyelid Kiss : Softly kiss your partners eyelids one at a time. This is a very erotic and arousing kiss.

35.Fast Flying Kiss : If your partner is out of town, look into his/her eyes from the distance and blow a kiss in their direction, letting it fly towards them.

36.Fiery Kiss : Quickly walk towards your partner and put one hand behind their head and the other behind them. Quick movements are necessary for this passionate kiss.

37.Finger Kiss : While kissing, as he raises his hands to your face, take them, hold them, and slowly ease away from his mouth. Gently kiss and or suck each finger. This feels great and it is very fun to watch.

38.First Kiss : A first kiss is like a wish. You move closer and closer to each other, hoping for the kiss. You're lips gently touch and you feel the rush. 39.Fish Kiss : Both you and your partner should suck in your cheeks until

your lips are shaped like a fish. Then, move towards each other with your lips opening and closing until your lips meet. This is a fun and entertaining kiss.

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40.Flash Bang Kiss : This is a lip-lock variation. While your heads are a few feet apart, grab your partner around the waistline or neck, forcing your lips as close to theirs as possible and as quickly as possible, stopping just inches from their lips. You don't want to knock your partner out or smash their face with yours. :-) Then press your lips firm to theirs, making them tilt their head back a little. This will leave them stunned and satisfied. 41.Flutter Kiss : While French kissing, gently bite your partners tongue so

that they can't pull it away. Flutter your tongue against the tip of theirs and it will drive him/her insane if they're not ready for it.

42.Foot Kiss : An erotic and romantic gesture. It may tickle, but relax and enjoy it! To give a toe kiss by gently suck the toes and then lightly kissing the foot. It helps to gently massage the base of the foot while performing the kiss.

43.Forehead Kiss : The "motherly" kiss or "just friends" kiss. The forehead kiss can be a comforting kiss to anyone. Simply brush your lips lightly across the crown of their head.

44.Forever Kiss : Take the Love of Your Life's cheeks in the palm of your hands, and softly rub their skin. Tell them how you much you care about them and love them. Promise them that you will be with them forever (only if you mean it). Lean in and softly put your lips to theirs while keeping your hands on their cheeks. It'll be a very passionate kiss. And if done right, it'll create an amazing feeling with tears of joy streaming down their face and yours.

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45.Freeze Kiss : (aka Melt Kiss) Experiment with this fun kiss. Put a small piece of ice in your mouth, then open mouth and kiss your partner, passing them the ice with your tongue. It's an erotic and sensual French kiss with a twist of cold.

46.French Kiss : The kiss involving the tongue. Some call this the "Soul Kiss" because the life and soul are thought to pass through the mouth's breath in the exchange across tongues.

47.French Massage Kiss : While kissing your partner, slowly roll your tongue into their mouth then massage their tongue and mouth.

48.Frosty Kiss : Take a spoonful of a frosty from Wendy's and kiss your partner. It's cold, but hot at the same time. This is also fun because you can end up spoon-feeding each other, which is quite romantic.

49.Frustrating Kiss : (For women) In the middle of a kissing session, when your guy leans in to kiss you, let his lips nearly touch yours, then quickly pull your head back a few inches. Do this a few times in a row. It'll frustrate him and cause him to tighten his grip on you before he finally captures your lips for a hot desirable kiss.

50.Ghost Kiss : Get very close to your lover's face and look down at their lips as if you're about to kiss them. Just as they believe you're going to kiss, brush your lips up over their cheekbones and eyelids without firmly kissing. The ghost kiss will leave them wanting so much more!

51.Gum Kiss : One of you puts a piece of gum in your mouth. Play keep away with the gum.

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52.Gypsy kiss : Lightly kiss and lick the neck, then slowly move up to the ear. If she is wearing earrings, put it in your mouth as you suck on her earlobe.

53.Hand Kiss : Gently raise her hand to your lips. Lightly brush your lips across the top of her hand. Historically this kiss was performed with a bow, which showed deference to a lady.

54.Hard Kiss : Also known as the full-body kiss. Press your partner against a wall with your full body (not too hard!) and firmly kiss them. This exciting kiss will leave your partner breathless and wanting more.

55.Hershey Kiss : Give your partner a chocolaty Hershey kiss. (Great for when you're on a kissing break).

56.Hershey Kiss #2 : Like the Cotton Candy Kiss, put a hershey kiss in your mouth and start kissing your partner. The hershey kiss melts and it tastes amazing!

57.Hickey Kiss : The object is not to draw blood, but to gently leave a mark that will prove your interlude was not a dream. This is often included in erotic foreplay.

58.Hit-and-Run Kiss : Gently peck your partner on the cheek or lips and then run off out of sight. This leaves them in a state of awe and they always come back for more.

59.Hot Fudge Kiss : Put some hot fudge on your partners stumic and then lick it off.

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60.Hot/Cold Kiss : Get a cold drink and put some in your mouth. Have your partner gets a hot drink and puts some in their mouth. You then French kiss leaving a sensational feeling.

61.Hug n' Kiss : Suddenly hug your partner in a romantic way. Switch to a little dance while turning on romantic music and then gently start kissing. You'll have a warm and romantic moment.

62.Ice Cream Kiss : Take your partner out for ice cream and order one cone. Take the first bite and keep it in your mouth. Lean into your partner for a French kiss with the ice cream. Trade off taking bites. It's fun and a little funny.

63.Ice Cube Kiss : Place an ice cube in your partners belly button, telling them that if they move and it falls out, you will stop kissing them. When the ice cube melts, you can use the cold water all over to make for an awesome sensation.

64.Ice Kiss : Take a piece of ice in your mouth and hold it on your tongue until it melts, then sneak up on your partner and quickly lick their cheek or neck. It provides a cold but great feeling for them and it's a lot of fun! 65.Inhale/Exhale Kiss : Lightly kiss your partner on the lips then take his or

her breath away by opening your mouths together while one exhales and the other inhales his or her breath. It is sexy, sensuous and draws you close.

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66.Jawline Kiss : Start by short kisses right below the jaw and work your way down to the collar bone. Next, blow a little air as you make your way back to the jaw.

67.Kiss with a Twist : Lean in to kiss your partner and just as they come to meet your lips, pull back. They'll think your playing, but surprise them by leaning in and giving them the kiss of a lifetime!

68.Laughter Kiss : Lean in like you're going to kiss your partner. Get close enough to where your lips slightly brush theirs as you whisper a joke. Just make sure it's a good joke!

69.Letter Kiss : Send your lover a kiss in a love letter by writing the letter x several times in a row at the bottom of a letter such as XXXXX.

70.Lip Tease Kiss : Lightly lick your partner's lips, from the outside to the inside. They will react to opening their lips further, then you lick inward more. This kiss leaves a wonderful tingling sensation.

71.Lip Trace Kiss : Stick out the tip of your tongue and gently trace the outline of your partners mouth. It's exciting and refreshing!

72.Lizard Kiss : When you are leaning in to kiss your partner, stick the tip of your tongue out and touch their lips. Quickly return your tongue to you mouth. Its especially funny when both of you do it at the same time.

73.Long Kiss : Just start kissing and keep going until the next day!

74.Loubie Smooch : Roll your partner over and kiss one of their bum cheeks then give it a little playful bite. Guaranteed to surprise your partner!

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75.Make-out Starter Kiss : While you're kissing, move your tongue back and forth really fast. If your partner says anything about it, act like it didn't happen...It's a great make-out starter.

76.Mermaid Kiss : Have your partner let all of his/her breath out and go under water. Follow them down, connect, and give your breath to them. This kiss is fun and very connecting.

77.Minty Hot Kiss : Put your favorite minty gum in your mouth and have your partner put their favorite spicy gum in their mouth. While French kissing, exchange each others gum from mouth to mouth, getting a cold and warm feeling.

78.Minty Kiss : Kiss him with a mint in your mouth, then pass it to him as you kiss. It will give him a little surprise and he'll say he wants to give it back so it will give him an excuse to kiss you again.

79.Mistletoe Kiss : Surprise your lover by capturing them with a gentle holiday kiss under the mistletoe. This is also a good method for shyer individuals to steal a kiss from a potential lover.

80.Name Kiss : A kiss where you spell your name with your tongue while kissing your partner.

81.Neck Kiss : Come up behind the person you want to kiss. Lightly lick the back of their neck, then kiss the back of their neck a few times.

82.Neck Kiss (Alternate) : Alternate kissing and licking at the hollow point of the collar bone and slowly travel upward, then end with a deep kiss on the mouth, French is preferred.

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83.Neck Lick Kiss : Slowly lick up the side of her neck to her ear and trace it back with your lips, kissing gently. She's sure to get chills.

84.Neck Nibble Kiss : Gently nibble up and down your partners neck. End with a gentle kiss on the lips.

85.Nibble Kiss : While you and your partner are kissing, gently nibble on their tongue. This produces an erotic sensation and is a laugh!

86.Nip Kiss : This kiss can create a very erotic sensation. While kissing your partner, ever so gently nibble on their lips. You must be very careful not to bite to hard or hurt your partner. When done correctly, this kiss ignites wonderful sensations.

87.Non-stop Kiss : Make out, slipping your tongue in and out of your partners mouth. Keep going for as long as you can.

88.Nose Kiss : Lean forward slowly to their face and softly kiss your partner's nose. This is a good way to get your partner's attention and it always makes them smile!

89.Ocean Kiss : Standing in the ocean up to your thighs,when a wave approaches, both partners kiss. As the wave crashes into each other, the wave will hit both partners with passion.

90.Open Eye Kiss : Look your loved one in the eye. While staring at them, lean in and kiss them slowly, looking into their eyes the entire time. This will show your partner how much you care about them, and give them butterflies at the same time!

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91.Peck Kiss : Kiss your partner's lips lightly as to say a little. This isn't very intimate, but it's kind of arousing!

92.Playful Bop Kiss : Gently bop and pop your lips on your partners (like spiting out sunflower seeds without actually spitting on them). This is a very playful kiss

93.Pop Rock Kiss : One partner has a drink in there mouth and the other has the pop rocks. Start to French kiss and you get a spark!

94.Pop the Bubble : both you and your partner blow a bubble gum bubble and then pop it with each others mouths, kissing each other at the same time. This makes for a fun and sexy kiss!

95.Princess Kiss : He picks her up like a princess (her arms around his neck, one of his arms supporting her back the other holding her legs up) and kisses her like that. Very cute and romantic.

96.Pulse Kiss : Kiss your partner up and down the jaw line and neck with soft searching kisses until you find their pulse. Nip it very gently then kiss the spot.

97.Purr Kiss : Also known as the Tough Girl Kiss. While you are gently kissing their lips, make a loud, vibrant purring sound (so they can hear and feel it next to their lips). Then, bite and suck on their bottom lip. This is fun and brings out the wild side in both of you. Me-Ow!

98.Quickie Kiss : When you're in a rush. Often the nose gets it rather than the lips.

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99.Rain Kiss : When alone with your lover in the street during rain, gently pull him/her aside and kiss them in the rain. It's very romantic.

100.Reese's Kiss : Put a minature Reeses peanut butter in your mouth and kiss your partner at the same time.

101.Rolling Tongue Kiss : Similar to a French kiss, but both partners should roll their tongue's around each others.

102.Romantic Kiss : Look at your partner with passion, then gently move in for a kiss with your lips half open. As soon as you make contact, close your lips slowly. Open and close your lips three times then move away. They'll definitely want more!

103.Romantic Kiss : Before you begin kissing, simply hold your partner in your arms in a passionate and romantic embrace.

104.Sad Kiss (aka Poochy Lip Kiss) : My boyfriend and I live long distance and we get sad leaving each other. Not sure how this started, but we would look at each other with a "poochy lip" right before one of us had to go home. You know, the pouty lip that little kids have when they don't get their way. Well, we would both do it at the same time and then touch each others poochy lips together. It always makes us smile and often giggle a bit. :)

105.See-Saw Kiss : Grab your partner. Get closer as you connect tongues. Move your tongues up and down from the roof of your mouths to the bottom of the mouths creating a see-saw motion. If done correctly, it will create a tangy, fun-filled adventure.

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106.Sensational Kiss : When laying beside your partner, kiss them on there lips then making a trail across there cheek to the ear, after the trail follow back down with your nose, and blowing softly air on them, your partner should get the shivers, and will lead to more fun afterwards.

107.Sensual Kiss : This kiss is for the girls. Slowly go in for that romantic sensual kiss and slide your tongue up underneath your partners upper lip, moving your tounge around slowly. To end the kiss, slowly pull away and bite down on the top lip for that great feeling.

108.Sensual Surprise Kiss : Gently place your hands on the sides of your partner's face with your fingers slightly apart. Hold their head lightly, hesitating a little. Just when they think they're getting a gentle, romantic kiss, give their lips a few teasing sensual jabs with your tongue followed by a passionate French kiss. It'll make them crazy.

109.Sexy Kiss : Embrace your partner and stick your tongue out. Get her/him to stick his tongue out too and flicker your tongues. This creates a passionate sensation.

110.Shoulder Kiss : Simply come from behind, embrace her, and kiss the top of her shoulder. This is a sensual, loving kiss.

111.Side Kiss : Come up behind your partner, embrace her and kiss when she turns her head slightly to meet your lips.

112.Simple Kiss : That sweet simple kiss from a loved one that leaves you wanting more? The one where you've been staring into each other's eyes

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and you're content just staring, but your partner leans over and kisses you ever so lightly on the cheek or tip of the nose.

113.Sip Kiss : Take a small sip of your favorite drink. Leaving a little bit of it on your lips, kiss your partner. It is a unique way to create a sensual feeling and your partner will enjoy it.

114.Slo-Mo Kisses : The object with this kiss is to see how slow you and your partner can kiss each other. Slow kisses are generally considered quite desirable and passionate, so you'll have fun with this. You and your partner begin kissing each other. As you kiss, concentrate on moving your lips and tongue slower and slower. Try to feel each little nerve signal that is being sent to your brain as you slowly explore each other's mouths. Once you've got this down... move even slower!

115.Slow Kissing : French kiss your partner 10x slower than you normally would. For instance, kiss for 30 minutes or so. Try this with any kiss listed here, just take it very s-l-o-w-l-y.

116.Snow Kiss : Take a bit of snow and put it into your mouth. As quick as you can, without banging heads or teeth, kiss your partner. This is a great kiss for winter walks.

117.Spaghetti and Meatball Kiss : Also know as 'The Lady & The Tramp Kiss'. While sharing a plate of spaghetti and meatballs, feed each other. Then with one long noodle (a side in each mouth), take some in getting closer and closer to each other. When you get to the end of the noodle, your lips will meet, ending in a nice kiss.

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118.Spiderman Kiss : While your partner is lying down on the bed or ground (it's especially sweet when they are laying outside in the sun), you come above them and kiss them so they are upside down compared to you. 119.Starburst Kiss : While French kissing, try to unwrap a Starburst with

your tongue. Whoever gets the wrapper off first is the winner. It's a fun type of kiss that adds a little extra fun to the act.

120.Stomach Kiss : Gently kiss and nibble on your partners stomach, and sometimes it leads to other things.

121.Strawberry Kiss : Also known as the Fruiti-licious kiss. Eat a strawberry and kiss your partner, leaving a sweet taste in their mouth. It's fun and a really cute way to "feed" each other.

122.Super Kiss : As you hold you partner give them a quick kiss followed by another and another very quickly. It's a really cute and playful way to kiss one another.

123.Surprise Kiss : Surprise your lover with a kiss before they can finish a sentence.

124.Sweet Kiss : Take piece of your favorite candy, put it in your mouth and kiss your partner. Exchange the candy from mouth to mouth, until the candy melts. Feel free to keep on kissing after the candy is long gone! 125.Switch Kiss : While French kissing, switch the way that your head is

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126.Tackle Kiss : When you're across the room from your lover, make a quick dash and catch them by surprise with hugs and kisses! This is very fun and romantic.

127.Take My Breath Away Kiss : While you and your partner are French kissing, wait until your partner inhales. When they inhale, exhale into their mouth. It will literally take your breath away. You can do this visa versa. It is a very entertaining kiss.

128.Take My Breath Away Kiss : Closing off all space between each others mouths, take a deep breath, then share that breath of air back and forth as your lips meet.

129.Talking Kiss : Whisper sweet nothings into your partner's mouth. If caught in the act, simply say as Chico Marx, "I wasn't kissing her. I was whispering into her mouth."

130.Temple Kiss : Kiss your partner on the temple and then slowly kiss from down to the check bone. S/he won't be able to get enough!

131.The Ear Kiss : Start by just kissing and then start kissing around his or her neck, then start kissing their ear and gently sucking on it. You can try gently licking or biting their ear as well. It will drive them crazy and lead to more.

132.Tickle Kiss : Tickle the top of your partner's mouth with your tongue. It feels great and will give them a wild sensation.

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133.Tickle Kiss #2 : While hugging your partner, tickle them and make them laugh. While they're laughing, kiss them. Then tickle and kiss again. Women especially love this one!

134.Tiger Kiss : Quietly sneak up behind your partner making sure they do not know what you are going to do. Out of the blue, grab them and gently bite their neck. Make sure to get a few good growls in too. This will surely surprise them.

135.Tongue Kiss : While French kissing your partner, gently suck their tongue while it's in your mouth. This produces a wonderful, erotic feeling for both!

136.Tongue Tease : While french kissing, try moving your tongue on his teeth, then stick it in and out of his mouth. Be sure to move slowly as it will really excite him.

137.Tongue to Tongue Kiss : While sitting on chair beside each other, touch your partner's tongue with the tip of your tongue. It will give you both a wild pleasure.

138.Tracing Kiss : When kissing your lover, gently trace there lips with your tongue.

139.Underwater Deep End Kiss : Dive to the bottom of the deep end of a pool. Find your partner under water and begin kissing. Continue as you rise to the top.

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140.Underwater Kiss : Find your partner under water. Embrace and kiss. It's a unique and wonderful feeling. By the time you run out of air, you'll be back at the top. Continuing the kiss is optional.

141.Upside Down Kiss : You stand behind your partner (who is seated or laying down) and have them tilt their head back. Then kiss them so that you nibble their lower lip and they nibble yours. This is fun and feels good because you can feel them breathing on your neck as you kiss.

142.Vacuum Kiss : While kissing open-mouthed, slightly suck in as if you were sucking the air from your partners mouth. This is a playful kiss. 143.Vampire Kiss : When French kissing, gently bite his/her tongue so they

can't pull away. While you have it between your teeth, suck on their tongue with your mouth. It will drive them crazy.

144.Venom Kiss : Freshly apply a special lip gloss called 'Venom Gloss' by Duwop, kiss your lover ever so slightly on the lips and then more intensely. Wait a little and then their lips will start to have a warm almost burning sensation. It will leave them wanting more!

145.Virtual Kiss : For Internet lovers. Send an e-card or a kiss via email with this symbol: :-* .

146.Waistline Kiss : Kiss your partner softly, just slightly below and adjacent to the belly button. This will drive pretty much any woman wild.

147.Wave Kiss : While kissing your partner, slowly roll your tongue like a wave, up and down. It can be a little sloppy, but it's a unique feeling and always gets a little laugh when it's done.

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148.Wet Kiss : Once you have been kissing enough that both of your lips are wet, with your mouth barely open, gently rub back and forth, up and down, around and around.

149.Whipped Cream Kiss : Put a line of whipped cream down your partners neck and slowly lick it off. Then, with a little bit still in your mouth, kiss them!

150.Winter Chills Kiss : Kiss your partner on the neck, then casually lick where you just kissed. Next, gently blow on the area. It creates a weird, cold sensation, but definitely an arousing ordeal.

151.Zorro Kiss : Like a French kiss except the participants' tongues are swordfighting. Mucho romantico!

3.2 Differences Kissing in Eastern and Western Culture Western :

 In the Western world, a kiss is a common gesture of greeting, and at times a kiss is expected. Throughout all cultures people greet one another as a sign of recognition, affection, friendship and reverence. While hand shakes, hugs, bows, nods and nose rubbing are all acceptable greetings, the most common greeting is a kiss, or kisses, on the cheek. Cheek kissing is

―a ritual or social gesture to indicate friendship, perform a greeting, to

confer congratulations, to comfort someone, or to show respect.‖ Cheek

kissing is most common in Europe and Latin America and has become a standard greeting in Southern Europe.

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 The kiss in Western cultures is a fairly new development and is rarely mentioned even in Greek literature. In the Middle Ages, a kiss is considered a sign that shows the upper classes.

 British often simply say ‗hello‘ when they meet friends. They usually

shake hands only when they meet for the first time. Social kissing, often just a peck on the cheek, is common in an informal situation between men and women and also between women who know each other very well.

 In the USA, it is normal for men to shake hands when they meet, but it is quite unusual for men to kiss when they greet each other. Greetings are casual –a handshake, a smile and a ‗hello‘ will do just fine.

 French nationals, including children, shake hands with their friends and often kiss them on both cheeks, both upon meeting and leaving.

 Hungarians like to use the friendly greeting form of kissing each other on the cheeks. The most common way is to kiss from your right to your left. When men meet for the first time, the casual norm is a firm handshake.

Eastern :

a. Cheek kissing in the Arab world is relatively common, between friends and relatives. Cheek kissing between males is very common. However, cheek kissing between a male and female is usually considered inappropriate, unless within the same family; e.g. brother and sister, or if they are a married couple.

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b. Some families are more reserved, conserving hugs and kisses for the very young. Some families only offer perfunctory acts such as kissing the air next to someone's face rather than actually kissing them.

c. In Arab countries, close male friends or colleagues hug and kiss both cheeks. They shake hands with the right hand only, for longer but less firmly than in the West. Contact between the opposite genders in public is considered obscene. Do not offer to shake hands with the opposite sex. d. In Japan, the common greeting for men and women as well is to bowwhen

they greet someone, as opposed to giving a casual handshake or a hug. e. Kissing the hands of parents before going.

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4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion

There are many cultural differences between the west and east in any case, one of which is how to kiss. Western countries belong to more freely in an eastern country life and more to follow customs and rules. The level of courtesy eastern cultures higher than western countries. In ancient times the eastern superior citizens rather than citizens of the West, as evidence of prior residents east of establishing a university and spawned numerous scientists. It took hundreds of years for the eastern state rival Western State. In today's western state arguably developed countries because it has advanced technology and system wide civilization and free. In the west no problem kissing people know the place, anywhere can do the kiss. A kiss for western society are common. Each meeting or parting they do not know each other kissing men or women, it has become a culture for them. For example, the French government made a regulation that states allow kissing in statiun. And in the world of film kissing scenes can be regarded as mandatory in every movie. Very different from the eastern State, Country eastern forbidden to kiss for the other types but for kissing fellow kind is not a problem. Timor country prefers kissing in a quiet place or closed because of a kiss for residents east is forbidden if not relatives or fellow kind. When meeting or go east residents usually just kiss the hands of older people. In the world of film are rare scenes of kissing, even if there are only a few films that include movies category Adult only. But there is the same of the two countries, from both cultures

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agreed kiss is an expression of affection, love and happy. And kiss can also make us healthier.

4.2Suggestion

It should not have to kiss lips done in public, because it does not look good for the minors. And could lead to a negative outlook for the look. Every kiss scene in the movie is only allowed in the status of adults only. If making love just is not naturally add the plus-especially because just to take an advantage. Given the cultural differences, we should be able to sort out the positive and negative.

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REFERENCES

Ayn Rand‘sThe Virtue of Selfishness; ―The Objectivist Ethics,‖ (New York,

Signet, 1982).

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(2006). Redefining Culture. Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates. Boyd, R., and Richerson, P.J. (2001). Memes: Universal Acid or a Better

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Western Civilization, Jackson J. Spielvogel is associate professor emeritus of history at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his Ph.D. in 2005. He is the co-author (with William Duiker) of WORLD HISTORY, first published in January 1994 (Sixth Edition, 2010)

The Jefferson School of Philosophy, Economics and Psychology, 1992). The pamphlet is available online and free here.