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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Culture
Culture refers to the dynamic totality of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features which characterize a society or social group. It
includes the art and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions, heritage and beliefs developed over time
and subject to change. Drama, Dance, Language and indigenous Art have conventionally been described as some of the subsectors of culture.
There are definitions stated by experts in culture :
1. Edward B. Taylor
Culture is a complex whole, that it contains the knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, mores, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.
2. M. Jacobs and B.J. Stern
Culture covers all forms of technology including social, ideological, religious, and arts and objects, all of which are social heritage.
3. Koentjaraningrat
Culture is a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of human beings in order to become a society that human beings belong to learn.
4. Dr. K. Kupper
Culture is a system of ideas that guide and driver for the human in attitude and behavior, both individually and in groups.
5. William H. Haviland
Culture is a set of rules and norms that are shared by members of the public, which if carried out by its members will bear behavior deemed feasible and
can be received by all communities. 6. Ki Hajar Dewantara
Culture means the fruit of the human mind is the result of the struggle of man against two strong influences, the nature of the times and is a testament to the
triumph of human life to overcome the obstacles and hardships in life and livelihood in order to achieve salvation and happiness at the birth is orderly
and peaceful.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
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7. Francis Merill
Behavioral patterns are generated by social interaction All behavior and all products produced by someone as a member of a
community that is found through symbolic interaction. 8. Bounded et.al
Culture is something that is formed by the development and transmission of human beliefs through certain symbols, such as language symbols as a series
of symbols that are used to divert the cultural beliefs among the members of a society. The messages about the culture, which is expected to be found in the
media, government, religious institutions, educational systems and such. 9. Mitchell Dictionary of Soriblogy
Culture is the most overall looping action or human activity and human- generated products that have been popular in the community socially and not
just in the genetikal switch. 10. Robert H. Lowie
Culture is everything in getting individuals from the community, including beliefs, customs, norms artistic, eating habits, skills obtained not from his
own creativity but rather a legacy of the past which can be through formal or informal education.
11. Archaeologists R. Seokmono
