A Brief Description Of The Dialect Of Toba Language In Region Of Tobasa, Samosir, And Tapanuli Utara

A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIALECT OF TOBA LANGUAGE IN REGION OF TOBASA, SAMOSIR, AND TAPANULI UTARA

A PAPER WRITTEN BY

NORVIKA PASARIBU NO.REG: 102202013

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

Approved by Supervisor,

NIP: 19521126198112 1 001 Drs. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study University of Sumatera Utara

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma III in English Study Program,

Approved by

Head of English Diploma Study Program,

NIP: 19521126198112 1 001 Drs. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara As a Paper for the Diploma III Examination

Accepted by the Board of Examiner in partial of the requirements the for D-III Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held on June 2013

Faculty of Culture Study University of Sumatera Utara Dean,

NIP: 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A

Board of Examiners: Signature

1.Drs. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A(Haed of ESP) ... 2.Drs. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A(Supervisor) ...

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, NORVIKA PASARIBU, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted on the whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :………….

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name :NORVIKA PASARIBU

Title of Paper :A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DIALECT OF TOBA LANGUAGE IN REGION OF TOBASA, SAMOSIR, AND TAPANULI UTARA

Qualification :D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program :English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture, University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :………

ABSTRAK

Bahasa Toba adalah salah satu bahasa yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi terutama untuk masyarakat Toba, dan bahkan bahasa Toba merupakan bahasa ibu bagi mereka. Bahasa Toba mempunyai ragam perbedaan bentuk dalam bahasa yang sama yang disebut dialek. Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa variasi dialek bahasa Batak Toba di Kabupatem Tobasa, Samosir, dan Tapanuli Utara dan mengintrepretasikan ke dalam peta. Sumber data dibuat bentuk kosakata dasar dan dialeknya diucapkan dari 5 informan bahasa Batak Toba. Masing-masing mereka berasal dari Tobasa, Samosir, dan Tapanuli Utara. Geografi dialek dianalisis berdasarkan rumus dialectometri. Hasil yang ditemukan yaitu bahwa terdapat perbedaan bahasa Batak Toba 51,36 %. Hal ini diasumsikan bahwa bahasa Batak Toba di Kabupaten Tobasa, Samosir, dan Tapanuli Utara mempunyai perbedaan dialek.

ABSTRACT

Toba language is one of the languages that used to communicate especially for Toba society, and even Toba language is as a mother language for them. Toba language has various different forms within the same language is called dialect. The aims of this study are to describe the variation of Batak Toba dialect in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara and to interpret the map of it. The source of the data is a written form of lexicon and its spelling from 5 respondents of Batak Toba speaker. Each of them is from Tobasa Region, Samosir Region, and Tapanuli Utara Region. Dialect geography is analyzed based on the dialectometry formulation. It was found that the difference of Batak Toba language was 51,36 %. It is assumed that Batak Toba language in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara has dialect difference.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thanks to Almighty God for His blessing and protection, so I can complete this paper, especially when I begun my study in D-III Faculty of Culture Study Universitas Sumatera Utara. As long as I study in this faculty, so many challenging that I faced, but because of supporting of people around me so I can pass it all well.

A lot of complain and suggestion found in finishing this paper. However, all those make me more and more challenging to get the best grade, so that all people around me feel proud. This paper is not able be finished by me alone, I need constructive criticism and motivation to finish this paper well. Here I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all people who have been around me and give support and especially pray in completing this paper.

1. My beloved parents Arsen Pasaribu and Rosinta Simanjuntak, I present this paper special for both of you. Thanks for supporting me in praying, advices, material, and time. You are my life.

2. Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara. I acknowledge for giving me changes to finish my study at Faculty of Culture Study.

3. Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring, M.A as the Head of English Diploma III Study Program and also as my Supervisor, who gives me a lot of knowledge and criticism.

5. All of lecturers in English Diploma III Study Program for giving me advices, knowledge, and guide me to do paper well.

6. My great sister, Ferawati Pasaribu and brothers, Rinto Pasaribu, Salto Pasaribu, Elmar Pasaribu. Thanks for your care, advices, pray, and material.

7. Thanks to all my close family who had given me much advices.

8. My special best friends DERITA GROUP in Diploma III Study Program Anita Lumban Gaol (KepLing), Cristine Pauline Dwinata Silalahi (KepLor), Appriana Lubis ( KepDus). Thanks for our friendship this long. So many things that I got from all of you.

9. My best friend, Rummy Hadina( Mas Bro), Cristin Pasaribu( Appiri), Dwikhairany, Andhika Situmorang, K’evi Haloho, and B’johendro Silalahi. Thanks for our friendship.

10.My close friends, Lidia Siahaan, Martha Sinambela, Dedeh K Sianipar, and Lisda Siagian. Thanks for your advices and pray.

11.My friend starting from the ledger of 2008 to 2010 who gave me great experiences and knowledge.

12.All people who know me.

Finally, I realize that this paper is still far for being perfect. Therefore, I need some constructive criticism and suggestions from readers to make this paper better.

I do wish this paper is useful for readers.

Medan,………2013 The writer,

NIM: 102202013 Norvika Pasaribu

TABLE OF CONTANTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………. i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………...….……….. ii

ABSTRAK……….………… iii

ABSTRACT………...……… iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………...………... v

TABLE OF CONTANTS……….……… viii

1.INTRODUCTION………...………..………. 1

1.1 Background of the Study………...……… 1

1.2 Problem of the Study………. ………….. 2

1.3 Scope of the Study………..……….. 2

1.4 Purpose of the Study………..…………... 3

1.5 Reason for Choosing the Topic………...……….. 3

1.6 Methods of the Study………. .. 3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………..………. 6

2.1 Definition of Dialect……… ………. 6

2.2 Description of Dialect and Language………...………. 8

2.3 Description of Dialect and Accent………..……….…….. 9

3. THE DIALECT OF TOBANESE IN TOBASA, SAMOSIR, AND TAPANULI UTARA………..………..…….. 11

3.1 List of Vocabulary………..………. 11

3.2 Calculation………. ……… 17

3.3 Mapping……… ……… ……… 18

4. CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION……….. 24

4.1 CONCLUTION………... 24

4.2 SUGGESTION……… 25

BIBLIOGRAPHY……... 26

ABSTRAK

Bahasa Toba adalah salah satu bahasa yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi terutama untuk masyarakat Toba, dan bahkan bahasa Toba merupakan bahasa ibu bagi mereka. Bahasa Toba mempunyai ragam perbedaan bentuk dalam bahasa yang sama yang disebut dialek. Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa variasi dialek bahasa Batak Toba di Kabupatem Tobasa, Samosir, dan Tapanuli Utara dan mengintrepretasikan ke dalam peta. Sumber data dibuat bentuk kosakata dasar dan dialeknya diucapkan dari 5 informan bahasa Batak Toba. Masing-masing mereka berasal dari Tobasa, Samosir, dan Tapanuli Utara. Geografi dialek dianalisis berdasarkan rumus dialectometri. Hasil yang ditemukan yaitu bahwa terdapat perbedaan bahasa Batak Toba 51,36 %. Hal ini diasumsikan bahwa bahasa Batak Toba di Kabupaten Tobasa, Samosir, dan Tapanuli Utara mempunyai perbedaan dialek.

ABSTRACT

Toba language is one of the languages that used to communicate especially for Toba society, and even Toba language is as a mother language for them. Toba language has various different forms within the same language is called dialect. The aims of this study are to describe the variation of Batak Toba dialect in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara and to interpret the map of it. The source of the data is a written form of lexicon and its spelling from 5 respondents of Batak Toba speaker. Each of them is from Tobasa Region, Samosir Region, and Tapanuli Utara Region. Dialect geography is analyzed based on the dialectometry formulation. It was found that the difference of Batak Toba language was 51,36 %. It is assumed that Batak Toba language in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara has dialect difference.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Dialect is various different forms within the same language. Dialect also has definition as the kinds of language which are differences of vocabulary and grammar as well as pronunciation. The study of various different forms of dialect, especially regional dialect is called dialectology or dialect geography as stated by Crystal (1980). From this statement, we can understand that:

- the study of dialect is scientific,

- dialectology relate to dialect mapping.

Dialectology studies the differences of dialects in regional. It can be a word, phrase, meaning, and even structure.

Ayatrohaedi (1983) states,“Penekanan kajian dialectologi pada tujuan geografi telah memunculkan pandangan bahwa bahasa terhadap unsur-unsur kebahasaan yang berbeda, yang telah dipetakan itu (peta bahasa) merupakan cabang lain dari kajian dialectologi, karena tujuan utamanya adalah membuat peta bahasa.” It means that dialect geography is division of dialectology that study about the relationship from the different language.

Keraf (1991) stated that dialect geography studies the language variation base on local differences in a language regional. Furthermore, he stated that the result from research dialect geography is making mapping. From this explanation, besides studying the variation dialect also needed to make the mapping dialect.

Ayatrohaedi (1999) also emphasized that language mapping is needed absolute because it will describe the differences and similarities from the dialect.

From the above explanation, the writer wants to describe the dialect of Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara because the writer wants to applied what Crystal, Ayatrohaedi, Keraf, and Mahsun said and as the writer knew, nobody people that wrote this topic.

1.2

Problem of the Study

This research is focused to show the dialect geography of Toba language in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara. So, the problems are:

- How are the dialects different?

- What are the percentages of the differences? - How are the isoglosses of the dialects?

1.3 Scope of the Study

The scopes of the study are limited to vocabularies or lexicons and phonology, so the semantics being not discussed and the dialect just researched in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara.

1.4 The Purpose of the Study

The purposes of the study are follows:

- To find out the different language among Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara. - To find out the percentages of the differences.

- To find out the mapping the isogloss.

1.5 Reason for Choosing the Topic

The writer chooses Dialect of Toba Language in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara because the writer wants to describe and explain the dialect. As the writer researches, so many people are difficult to distinguish among dialect, accent, and pronunciation. The dialect not just focuses on the sound, but also the various different of the same language.

1.6

Methods of the Study

Method of research in this writing is library and field research. Method of library research for finding data is collection some books which relevant with the analysis of this paper and copy part of material in the book to be reference. Method of field research for collecting the data by writing, asking, giving the list of the questions. Firstly, the writer asks their names, ages, and jobs. Here there are three informants that the writer asks. The first informant is Mr.Sihombing 75 years old, his job as ex headmaster. He is from Tapanuli Utara region. The second informant is Mr.Manik 72 years old, his job as a farmer. He is from Samosir region. And the last or the third informant is Mr.Pasaribu 82 years old, his job as ex headmaster. He is from Tobasa region.

The lists of the question that the writer gives are verb, noun, and adjective. It is about 220 vocabularies and its phonology. To look for the differences dialects for each region observation, the writer did the degrees analysis by using basis of

vocabulary or written form of lexicon. In phonetics vocabulary is difference but the meaning is same.

The studies according to dialect geography are done by some steps, namely:

(1) Collecting basis of vocabulary or written form of lexicon that will be researched by using list of vocabulary.

(2) Making the list various dialect.

(3) Determining the substance various vocabularies by using dialectometry formulation.

(4) Making the isogloss of the dialect.

To know the differences of vocabularies as language differences, dialect differences, sub-dialect differences, speech differences, or nothing differences is applied by the dialectometry formulation: �����

�

=

�

%

Notes:

S = the variation of dialect in region observation. N= a number of vocabulary.

d= distance of vocabulary among the regional (%). Base on the above formulation, can be concluded:

- more of 81 % is language differences -51-80 % is dialect differences

-31-50 % is sub-dialect differences -21-30 % is speech differences -Less of 20 % is nothing differences. -More 17 % is language differences -12-16 % is dialect differences -8-11 % is sub-dialect differences -4-7 % is speech differences -0-3 % is nothing differences

Lexicon differences

2.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Definition of Dialect

Dialect is a regionally and socially distinctive variety of language, identified by a particular set of words and grammatical structures. Spoken dialects are usually also associated with a distinctive pronunciation or accent. Any language with a reasonably large number of speakers will develop dialects, especially if there are geographical barriers separating groups of people from each other, or if there are divisions of social class. One dialect may predominate as the official or standard form of the language, and this is the variety which may come to be written down. The distinctive between dialect and language seems obviously. Dialects are subdivisions of language.

The systematic study of all forms of dialect, but especially regional dialect, is called dialectology, also linguistic geography or dialect geography. Traditional dialectology studies commenced in the late nineteenth century, and have taken the form of detailed surveys using questionnaire. Regionally distinctive words were the center of attention, and collections of such words were plotted on map and complied in a dialect atlas. If a number of distinctive items all emerged as belonging to a particular area, then this would be the evidence for saying that a dialect existed. It was often possible to show where one dialect ended and the next began by plotting the use of such items, drawing lines around their limits of use isoglosses, and where a bundle of such isoglosses fell together, postulating the existence of a dialect boundary. On one side of the bundle of isoglosses, a large number of word forms, sense, and pronunciation would be used which were

systematically different from the equivalent items used on the other side. Dialect boundaries are not usually so clear cut, but the principle works well enough. Mahsun (1995) explained that position of mapping within dialectology, which can visualize field research to the mapping base on differences and similarities dialect.

Traditional dialectological methods of this kind have more recently been supplemented by the methods of structural dialectology, which tries to show the patterns of relationship which link sets of forms from different dialects. Revier (1975:424) says,” dialectometry is the measure of statistics that used to see how far the different and similarity from the amount of words base on the observation area.” It means that dialectometry is a statistical method of dialects analysis, developed in the 1970s, which measures the linguistic distance between localities in a dialect region by counting the number of contrasts in a large sample of linguistic features.

Perceptual dialectology studies the way dialects, and individual dialects features, are perceived by speakers within a speech community. Real and imaginary linguistic differences, stereotypes of popular culture, local strategies of identification, and other factors combine to generate a conception of individual dialects, whose perceptual identities and boundaries may differ significantly from those defined by objective dialect methods. Dialects which identify where a person is from are called regional dialects, though other terms are used for example local, territorial, geographical.

2.2 Description of Dialect and Language

In popular usage, the terms dialect and language are sometimes opposed to each other. Forms of speech with no corresponding written form are labeled dialects and contrasted with the true language of the literature. We can see this case when we compare some people who live in rural community referred to as dialects and urban community would on the other hand be said to speak a language. A more technical distinction between the two terms is to say that dialects are the various different forms of the same language. Using a language thus necessarily involves using one of its dialects. But in this case, depending which language used. Then, we can distinguish a virtually of different form of any language, depending on just what linguistic features we focus on and how much detail.

Many people hold the essential criterion to be that of mutual intelligibility, dialects are different but mutually intelligible forms of speech. If we observe two people making conversation, although observable differences in their speech and they can understand each other, they are held to be using different dialects. In contrary, if they cannot understand each other, they are speaking different languages. This seems at first sight to accord what we feel to be the distinction between dialect and language. But there are difficulties with this criterion. Mutual intelligibility is not an all or none matter. There are degrees of comprehension between speakers. For example: there are two or more groups who differ in speech nevertheless regard the same form of speech as a standard, or if they share a common written form, they tend to be regarded as speaking different dialects

rather than different language, whatever the degree of mutual intelligibility provided only that the standard or written form is not totally unrelated to the one they speak. So far we have considered cases where different dialects look to common standard form and a common written language, but there is one notable case different forms of speech are usually referred to as dialects and where they share a written form but not standard spoken form.

2.3 The Description of Dialect and Accent

The distinction between dialect and accent is not obviously appears. In popular usage, the two terms are sometimes employed interchangeably. For instance, when dangerous things happened, people sometimes don’t realize whether they speak dialect or accent but if someone gives an instruction, we will know that it is dialect because the using accent is more restricted than dialect by accept a distinction commonly in linguists. The term dialects refer strictly speaking to differences between kinds of language which are differences of vocabulary and grammar. The term accent on the other hand refers solely to differences of pronunciation. All matter of pronunciation is matters of accent, whereas grammar and/or vocabulary must also be involved before we speak of dialect.

Pronunciation is a non-technical term. More exact would be phonetics, referring to the actual sounds involved in speech, or phonology, the system of functionally district sound units in any form of speech. Pronunciation could be taken to refer to both of these or only to the first. This method of distinguishing

dialect and accent could probably be employed wherever both terms are in use. But just as the dialect/accent distinction as commonly drawn seems to imply that all pronunciation is a matter of accent.

3.

THE DIALECT OF TOBANESE IN TOBASA, SAMOSIR,

AND TAPANULI UTARA

3.1List of Vocabularies

Num-ber

Indonesian English Tobasa Region Samosir Region Tapanuli Utara Region 1 mata eye [simaloloŋ] [simaloloŋ] [simaloloŋ] 2 kacang peanut [kaccaŋ] [hassaŋ] [hassaŋ]

3 anak child [tubu] [gelleŋ] [ianakkon]

4 perut stomach [butuha] [siubeon] [butuha]

5 hidung nose [iguŋ] [parniaŋgoa

n]

[iguŋ]

6 sawah farm [hauma] [juma] [saba]

7 pasar market [onan] [onan] [onan]

8 kampung village [huta] [huta] [huta]

9 lorong hallway [bajjar] [bajjar] [bajjar] 10 rumah house [jabu] [sibagaddiŋt

ua]

[bagas] 11 sirih betel [napuran] [debban] [debban] 12 tangga ladder [taŋga] [balatuk] [balatuk]

13 anjing dog [biaŋ] [asu] [panaŋga]

14 tangan hand [taŋan] [simaŋido] [taŋan] 15 kaki foot [pat] [simajjojak] [pat]

16 rambut hair [obuk] [obut] [sitarupon]

17 telinga ear [piŋgol] [sipareon] [sipareon]

18 ikan fish [ikkan] [ihan] [ihan]

19 babi pig [babi] [pinahanlob

u]

[pinahanlo bu]

20 air water [aek] [mual] [aek]

21 kepala head [ulu] [simajjujuŋ] [simajjujuŋ ]

22 kulit skin [hulikkuliŋ] [hulikkuliŋ] [hulikkuliŋ ]

23 kumis mustache [kummis] [mise] [kummis]

24 leher neck [rukkuŋ] [rukkuŋ] [rukkuŋ]

25 lidah tongue [dila] [sialapikkau ]

[dila]

26 muka face [bohi] [bohi] [bohi]

29 pinggang waist [gottiŋ] [gottiŋ] [gottiŋ]

30 ayam chichen [manuk] [manuk] [peok]

31 kami we [hami] [hami] [hami]

32 parang cutter [goluk] [parang] [rabi]

33 beras rice [boras] [boras] [boras]

34 madu honey [situaknilob

a]

[situaknilob a]

[situaknilo ba]

35 benih seed [boni] [same] [same]

36 pisang banana [pisaŋ] [gaol] [gaol]

37 rumput grass [duhut] [duhut] [duhut]

38 burung bird [pidoŋ] [pidoŋ] [pidoŋ]

39 hujan rain [udan] [udan] [udan]

40 sarung sheath [madder] [lopes] [lopes] 41 bantal pillow [battal] [halangulu] [battal]

42 pintu door [pittu] [pittu] [pittu]

43 atap roof [tarup] [tarup] [tarup]

44 kayu bakar wood [soban] [soban] [soban] 45 foto photo [gobbaran] [gobbaran] [gobbaran] 46 teman friend [dongan] [ale-ale] [dongan]

47 dukun shaman [datu] [namalo] [datu]

48 gereja church [gareja] [parminggua n]

[gareja] 49 cantik beautiful [bagak] [uli] [bagak]

50 pintar clever [malo] [malo] [malo]

51 rajin diligent [riŋgas] [padot] [riŋgas] 52 tetangga neighbor [hobbarjabu

]

[hobbarjabu ]

[hobbarjab u]

53 nakal greedy [baddal] [jukkat] [jukkal] 54 kursi chair [kursi] [karosi] [karosi] 55 sepatu shoes [sipatu] [sipatu] [sipatu]

56 musuh enemy [alo] [saddiŋ] [saddiŋ]

57 tikar carpet [lage] [huddulan] [amak] 58 sambal sauce [sabbal] [sabbal] [sabbal]

59 baju blouse [baju] [baju] [baju]

60 maling thief [panakko] [sigajjaŋtan gan]

[panakko]

61 mati dead [mate] [modding] [marujung

ngolu] 62 nasi rice [iddahan] [siallangon] [iddahan]

63 berita news [barita] [kabar] [kabar]

64 ibi tiri step mother [paŋgatti] [panoroni] [paŋgatti]

65 lampu lamp [sulu] [sulu] [sulu]

66 lemari cupboard [lamari] [lamari] [lamari] 67 kebun farm [pollak] [kobun] [pollak] 68 jalan street [dalan] [dalan] [dalan]

69 warisan inheritance [parbagiana n] [parbagiana n] [parbagian an]

70 ikan pinggang

belt [hohos] [hohos] [hohos] 71 uang money [hepeŋ] [sihumisik] [hepeŋ] 72 makanan meal [sipaŋanon] [sipaŋanon] [sipaŋanon

]

73 istirahat break [maradi] [so] [maŋulon] 74 kolong underneath [tobbara] [tobbara] [tobbara] 75 kaya rich [mora] [paradoŋan] [paradoŋan

] 76 miskin poor [pogos] [sikkor] [pogos] 77 tanaman plant

[suas-suanan]

[suas-suanan]

[suas-suanan]

78 terang bright [toraŋ] [tiur] [tiur]

79 obat medicine [ubat] [ubat] [paddaoni]

80 halaman page [alaman] [alaman] [alaman] 81 [menikah] [merry] [marhasohot

an]

[marhasippa nan]

[marhasoh otan] 82 janda widow [mabalu] [matipululu] [mabalu] 83 duda widower [mabalu] [toppastatari

ŋ] [mabalu]

84 pesta party [ulaon] [ulaon] [pesta]

85 anak pertama

the fisrt child

[buhabaju] [paŋgoaran] [paŋgoaran ]

86 lapar hungry [male] [male] [male]

87 anak terakhir

the last child

[siappudan] [turturnisiu beon]

[siappudan ]

88 anak tunggal

single child [anak sasada]

[anak sasada]

[anak sasada]

89 lahir born [tubu] [soraŋ] [soraŋ

90 cerewet fussy [remeŋ] [paruŋutuŋu t]

[remeŋ] 91 pelit stingy [holit] [sigotilmonis

]

[holit] 92 keranjang basket [karajjaŋ] [karajjaŋ] [karajjaŋ] 93 cangkul mattock [paŋgu] [pakkur] [paŋgu]

94 pisau knife [piso] [balati] [piso]

95 tawanan captive [sakkalan] [taddosan] [partaŋgoa n]

96 hati heart [ate-ate] [ate-ate] [ate-ate] 97 tungku firepalce [tatariŋ] [tatariŋ] [dalihan]

98 asap smoke [timus] [timus] [timus]

101 jodoh mate [rokkap] [rokkap] [rokkap] 102 putri daughter [boru] [sinuanbeu] [boru]

103 putra son [anak] [sinuantunas

]

[anak] 104 pemalas stolid [nalosok] [sigurbakulu

]

[nalosok] 105 panjang

lidah

liar [sigajjaŋ dila]

[sigajjaŋ dila]

[sigajjaŋ dila] 106 orang sabar patient

person

[paŋajju] [silabbasroh a]

[silabbasar oha] 107 tulus sincere [tobok] [tobok] [tobok] 108 teladan model [sitiruon] [siihutonon] [siihutonon

]

109 tingkahlaku behavior [paŋalaho] [paraŋe] [paŋalaho]

110 istri wife [parsondukb

olon]

[tungganebo ru]

[pardijabu] 111 suami husband [amaŋsiadop

an]

[tuŋganedoli ]

[amaŋsiado pan] 112 susah difficult [daŋol] [bernit] [hassit] 113 belajar study [marsiajar] [marguru] [marsiajar] 114 lincah active [hibas] [hicca] [hicca]

115 kolam pool [tobat] [dano] [tobat]

116 rebung bamboo shoot

[tubis] [tubis] [tubis] 117 sopan polite [pattun] [pattun] [hormat] 118 congkak arrogant [tois] [tois] [tois] 119 rakus greedy [mokkus[ [hisap] [mokkus]

120 bersih clean [ias] [ias] [ias]

121 jorok dirty [kotor] [kotor] [kotor] 122 keruh muddy [litok] [litok] [litok]

123 rusak break [sega] [sega] [sega]

124 tampi winnowing [adduri] [adduri] [adduri]

125 marah angry [jut] [jut] [jut]

126 banyak many [godang] [godang] [godang]

127 penuh full [gok] [suksuk] [suksuk]

128 berkumpul gather [marpuŋu] [marpuŋu] [marpuŋu] 129 bersatu unite [marsada] [marsada] [marsada] 130 lambat slow [labbat] [hene] [lelet]

131 cepat fast [hatop] [sikkap] [gira]

132 jari finger [jari-jari] [jari-jari] [jari] 133 kampak axe [kampak] [kampak] [kapak] 134 tongkat stick [tukkot] [tukkot] [tukkot] 135 katak frog [bojak] [sibagur] [bojak] 136 putih white [bottar] [bottar] [bottar] 137 bijaksana wise [bisuk] [bisuk] [bisuk]

138 salib cross [silang] [silang] [silang] 139 kuburan grave [udean] [hinabbor] [udean]

140 paku nail [labaŋ] [labaŋ] [labaŋ]

141 pepaya papaya [botik] [botik] [botik]

142 gelap dark [golap] [golap] [golap]

143 mendung cloudy [makkolom] [makkolom] [makkolom ]

144 bertemu meet [pajuppaŋ] [pajuppaŋ] [pajuppaŋ] 145 kecil small [metmet] [metmet] [metmet]

146 luas large [bidaŋ] [bidaŋ] [bidaŋ]

147 nira palm tuak [tuak] [tuak] [tuak] 148 duduk sit [huddul] [huddul] [huddul]

149 dekat near [jonok] [jonok] [jonok]

150 dalam deep [bagas] [bagas] [bagas]

151 telur egg [tolor] [pira] [tolor]

152 bagus good [ture] [deŋgan] [ture]

153 basah wet [matonu] [maraek] [malitap] 154 rotan rattan [hotaŋ] [hotaŋ] [hotaŋ]

155 bambu bamboo [bulu] [bulu] [bulu]

156 malam night [borŋin] [borŋin] [borŋin]

157 mayat stiff [bakke] [bakke] [bakke]

158 pesan message [tona] [paŋidoan] [tona] 159 bakul small

tradeswoma n

[appaŋ] [bakkul] [bahulbahu l]

160 peti mayat coffin [bataŋ] [bataŋ] [bataŋ]

161 kucing cat [hutiŋ] [hutiŋ] [meoŋ]

162 rusa deer [ursa] [ursa] [ursa]

163 gayung scoop [tibba] [bokkor] [tahutahu] 164 lengkuas ginger plant [halas] [halas] [halas]

165 bunga flower [buŋa] [buŋa] [buŋa]

166 padi rice [eme] [eme] [eme]

167 dahan branch [rattiŋ] [rattiŋ] [rattiŋ] 168 labu squash [jelok] [jelok] [jelok] 169 pagar fence [haddaŋ] [haddaŋ] [haddaŋ] 170 melahirkan bear [partus] [hipas] [hipas] 171 kerja bakti cooperate [marsiurupa

n]

[marsiadapa ri]

[marsiurup an]

172 ibu mother [omak] [inoŋ] [omak]

173 kamar room [kamar] [bilut] [kamar]

174 lemang rice roasted [lomaŋ] [lomaŋ] [lomaŋ] 175 menguburka

n

178 garam salt [sira] [sira] [sira]

179 cabai chili [cabe] [lasiak] [cabe]

180 minyak tanah

carosin [miak tano] [miak lappu] [miak tano]

181 semut ant [somut] [somut] [somut]

182 rindu miss [sihol] [maluŋun] [maluŋun] 183 srai lemon grass [saŋge

-saŋge]

[saŋge -saŋge]

[saŋge -saŋge] 184 panjang long [gajjaŋ] [gajjaŋ] [gajjaŋ] 185 berkemas take ready [hobas] [hobas] [hobas]

186 keladi taro [happa] [happa] [happa]

187 iblis devil [sibolis] [setan] [sibolis]

188 dayung oar [solu] [luga] [solu]

189 cacing worm [gea] [cacciŋ] [gea]

190 mengandun g

pregnant [hamil] [mardeŋgan dagiŋ]

[buttiŋ] 191 sendok spoon [sodduk] [sodduk] [sodduk]

192 jeruk orange [utte] [utte] [utte]

193 perahu boat [kapal] [kapal] [kapal] 194 mertua

Parent-in-law

[simatua] [simatua] [simatua] 195 lumbung rice barn [poti] [libbuŋ] [lubbuŋ] 196 kunyit turmeric [hunik] [hunik] [hunik]

197 daun leaf [buluŋ] [buluŋ] [buluŋ]

198 kambing goat [habbiŋ] [habbiŋ] [habbiŋ] 199 tanduk horn [tadduk] [tadduk] [tadduk] 200 kerbau buffalo [horbo] [horbo] [horbo] 201 melihat see [mamereŋ] [maŋida] [maŋida]

202 meja table [meja] [meja] [meja]

203 lagu song [ende] [ende] [ende]

204 kata word [hata] [hata] [hata]

205 pahit bitter [paet] [sapot] [paet]

206 enak tasty [tabo] [tabo] [tabo]

207 menari dance [manari] [manortor] [manortor] 208 tomat tomato [tomat] [tomat] [tomat] 209 mendengar hear [mambege] [manaŋihon] [mambege] 210 tugas duty [ulaon] [karejo] [ulaon] 211 kenyang full [butoŋ] [butoŋ] [bosur]

212 sisir comb [suri] [suri] [suri]

213 dosa sin [dosa] [dosa] [dosa]

214 gaji salary [upah] [upah] [upah]

215 malaikat angel [suru-suruan]

[suru-suruan]

[suru-suruan] 216 pemintaan request [paŋidoan] [paŋidoan] [paŋidoan] 217 kertas paper [harotas] [harotas] [harotas]

218 gila crazy [rittik] [rittik] [rittik] 219 beruntung lucky [marnasib] [marnasib] [marnasib] 220 banyak much [godaŋ] [suksuk] [godaŋ] From 220 vocabularies, there are 113 vocabularies that have various dialects. *table that colored is various dialect.

3.2 Calculation

Dialectometry is the measure of statistics that used to see how far the different and similarity from the amount of words base on the observation area. And at last we will find its result in percentages. Base on the percentages, we will know whether its phonology or lexicon differences. Percentage in phonology is fewer than percentage in lexicon. According to Guitar (1979), percentage in phonology is fewer than percentage in lexicon because phonology can reflect to differences some form for some meaning. Here are the divisions:

-more of 81 % is language differences -51-80 % is dialect differences

-31-50 % is sub-dialect differences -21-30 % is speech differences -Less of 20 % is nothing differences. -More 17 % is language differences -12-16 % is dialect differences -8-11 % is sub-dialect differences -4-7 % is speech differences

Lexicon differences

Base on the above table, so we can use dialectometry formulation to know the dialect differences: �����

�

=

�

%

═ › ���_�������= ��,�� %

So, from the above formulation we can conclude that the differences of Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara have dialect differences.

3.3

Mapping

As I mention before that the purpose of this analysis is to make dialect map. This relate to visualize field data in to map, so that the data drawn in geography and to know where the data more dominant. There are two kinds of dialect map. They are display map and interpretative map.

(1) Display Map.

Display map is map that contain tabulation field data so that data drawn in to perspective that has geography. So, in the display map included distribution geography with the language differences which included between region observation. Filling field data in to display map can be done by direct, symbol, and box.

(2) Interpretative Map.

Interpretative map is map that contains general statement accumulation about linguistic differences that resulted from display map.

Display map and interpretative map is made base on basic map. Basic map usually contain important thing that influences to language differences. From the basic map then made map that contain region research and next, from this map will be made display map and interpretative map.

To make the mapping of various dialect of Toba language in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara, the writer use mapping in Region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara and the symbols that common used in dialectometry as in below picture:

Different and similarity form of dialect of Toba language can be drawn in below mapping.

TABLE OF DIFFERENT FORM OF DIALECT AND ITS

MAP

Map 1.

Number Map Symbol Word Dialect Map Of Toba Language

Tobasa Samosir Tapanuli Utara

29 Dukun( shaman) * datu √ √

# namalo √

#

*

Explanation:

The symbol

*

and

#

in the vocabulary show the various lexicons. In the mapping

number 29 describe that datu _{is word that used in Tobasa and Tapanuli Utara}

Region, namalo _{is word that used in Samosir. It means that there are 2 (two)}

various lexicon”dukun_{” in Toba language in Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara}

Map 2.

Number Map Symbol Word Dialect Map of Toba Langauge

Tobasa Samosir Tapanuli Utara 44 Istirahat( rest) * maradi √

# so √

** maŋulon √

#

*

Explanation:

The symbols

*, #,

and

**

in the vocabulary show the various lexicons. In the

mapping 44 describe that maradi _{is word that used in Tobasa Region,} so _{is word}

that used in Samosir, and maŋulon _{is word that used in Tapanuli Utara Region. It}

means that there are 3 (three) various lexicon “istirahat“in Toba language in Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara Region.

4

CONCLUTION AND SUGGESTION

4.1

CONCLUSION

After explaining the dialect of Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara, I become understand that dialect is different with accent. I get the conclution that dialect is various different forms within the same language or the kinds of language which are differences of vocabulary and grammar as well as pronunciation. Thus, accent is features of pronunciation which identify where a person is form, regionally or socially. Linguistics literature emphasizes that the term refers to pronunciation only. And also after analyzing the dialect of Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara, I get conclusion that:

- Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara has dialect differences. Number of the differences about 51,36 %.

- The maximum number of various dialects in Toba language in the 3 region are 3 various lexicons.

4.2

SUGGESTION

I analyze the dialect of Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara because it is essentially in literature. The dialect is important because it can’t separate from our life and everyday we use it to communicate. Sometimes when we talk with other, we don’t realize whether dialect or accent that we use. To distinguish both of those terms, we must learn it more deep, so that we don’t miss understand about them.

My experience when I did research, I found some trouble in lexicon, some of the lexicon is new I hear. Although I am batak, but so many lexicon I never hear before. So we shouldn’t be shy to ask more and more about it if we want to know it more. Related to result in researching, I realize that my paper is still far from being perfect and writing in this paper I use simple words. Because of that, I hope other people can discuss this subject more deep. In addition, I welcome a constructive criticism to my paper because I believe that it will give more benefit to me in the future.

REFERENCES

Crystal, David. 2008. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. UK: Blackwell. Chambers, JK. 1980. Dialectology. Australia: Cambridge University Press. Mahsun. 1995. Dialektologi Diakronis. Sebuah Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Gadjah

Mada University Press.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2012. Buku Pedoman Program D-III Studi Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Ilmu Budaya. Medan: D-III Bahasa Inggris Universitas Sumatera Utara. Unpublished.

Sibarani, Robert. 1997. Sintaksis Bahasa Batak Toba. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara Press.

Strevens, Peter, dkk. 1964. The Linguistics Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longmans.

APPENDICES

4.2

SUGGESTION

I analyze the dialect of Toba language in region of Tobasa, Samosir, and Tapanuli Utara because it is essentially in literature. The dialect is important because it can’t separate from our life and everyday we use it to communicate. Sometimes when we talk with other, we don’t realize whether dialect or accent that we use. To distinguish both of those terms, we must learn it more deep, so that we don’t miss understand about them.

My experience when I did research, I found some trouble in lexicon, some of the lexicon is new I hear. Although I am batak, but so many lexicon I never hear before. So we shouldn’t be shy to ask more and more about it if we want to know it more. Related to result in researching, I realize that my paper is still far from being perfect and writing in this paper I use simple words. Because of that, I hope other people can discuss this subject more deep. In addition, I welcome a constructive criticism to my paper because I believe that it will give more benefit to me in the future.

REFERENCES

Crystal, David. 2008. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. UK: Blackwell. Chambers, JK. 1980. Dialectology. Australia: Cambridge University Press. Mahsun. 1995. Dialektologi Diakronis. Sebuah Pengantar. Yogyakarta: Gadjah

Mada University Press.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2012. Buku Pedoman Program D-III Studi Bahasa InggrisFakultas Ilmu Budaya. Medan: D-III Bahasa Inggris Universitas Sumatera Utara. Unpublished.

Sibarani, Robert. 1997. Sintaksis Bahasa Batak Toba. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara Press.

Strevens, Peter, dkk. 1964. The Linguistics Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longmans.

APPENDICES