speaker. He must also consider about the situation like the time when it was stated or how it was stated. The reason of participant’s consideration is because
of the language use cannot separate from the use of context. Further, David states that context refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which
the discourse embedded.
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It exists because when a speaker says something in which they have a reason and some aspects that form the background of an
utterance being stated. The contextual factors can influence each of utterance. If the listener
concerns the contextual factors, it will be a start look to listener to know about the meaning of the utterance.
F. Drama
Drama is a performance of play and dialogue. At first drama were originated in the Greek verb dran means to do; to act or to accomplish.
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The performance shows the player known as the actress, do some actions in scenes
where the situational in text reflected. There are about seven types of drama, such as:
1. Tragedy.
This type of drama brings the tragedy involving the ruin of the
40
Nunan, David, Introducing Discourse Analysis London: Penguin Books. 1993, p. 7
41
Wessels, Charlyn. Drama New York: Oxford University. 1988, p. 1
leading character.
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In this drama, the major character deals a bad luck, facing the strong and some noble person. The modern tragedy is no more
about the strong and the noble person, but more into about the weak of the mental and the mean inside.
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2. Comedy.
This is a drama in which the leading characters overcome the difficulties which temporarily beset them.
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The issue in this drama shows very highly and full of comedy.
3. Problem Play.
It is a drama where the social criticism, economics or even political problem put in the means of drama
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and they also can put the issue in the dialogues, setting and etc.
4. Farce.
The drama conjoins the ridiculous or hilarious complications without regard from human values.
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In addition, there is no the human values in this type of drama.
5. Comedy of manners.
At this drama, it shows the comedy which carefully portrays fashionable life.
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The drama sometimes bring the life of people living in
42
Taken from http:www.lifestreamcenter.netDrBLessonsDrama.htm
accessed on 25 March 2010
43
Ibid.
44
Ibid.
45
Ibid
46
Ibid.
47
Ibid.
the glamour situations
6. Fantasy.
A play that is sometimes by the willingness of the author, the drama gives a free reign to his fantasy, and allowing things to happen
without regard to the reality.
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The play shows audience about the fantasy things and sometimes brings the comic spirit.
7. Melodrama.
This drama is almost the same as farce, but inside the act; it shows the melodrama that puts no attention at human value, but the objective is to
give a thrill instead of laugh.
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Besides, the drama also never put any literary value because the audience sees the performance only as a good
entertainment. Drama is about embedding the internal communication system in the
external system. It creates the play of some characters and provides the correlation between the fictional world of the player performances and the
audiences spectators. Here, the author usually must be able to raise the emotion events through the utterances that were spoken by the players.
G. Dialogue
