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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers some aspects dealing with research methodology applied in this research. They are : research design, area determination method, research
subject, data collection methods, research procedures, and operational definition of terms.
3.1 Research Design
The design of this research is a classroom action research, as it is intended to improve the eight students’ speaking achievement by using drama as the learning
technique at SMPN 2 Ledokombo. According to Mc. Milan 1992:12 a classroom action research is a specific research which has a purpose to solve a specific
classroom problem. Another supporting statement from Gay, Mills, and Airasian 2011:508 argue that action research is any systematic inquiry conducted by
teachers, principals, school counselor, or other person in educational environment to gather information about the ways how the particular school operate, the teachers
teach, and the students learn. Based on the data obtained from preliminary study at SMPN 2 Ledokombo, it
was known that the eight grade students experienced difficulties in speaking English. They had no motivation in speaking English which affected their speaking
achievement. Moreover, their speaking scores was not in a good category for about 60-65. They felt anxious about English because they were afraid in making mistakes
in speaking English. Therefore, the researcher carried out this classroom action research
collaboratively with the eight grade English teacher of SMPN 2 Ledokombo. The collaboration focused on every stage of this classroom action research which have
four activities; 1 planning the action, 2 implementing the action, 3 observing the
class and evaluating the students’ speaking ability, and 4 analyzing the data and reflecting the action. For further information the following diagram illustrates this
classroom action research :
The Cycle of the Classroom Action Research
Adapted from Lewin in Elliot, 1991:71 The activities of this classroom action research are as follow :
1. Interviewing the eight grade English teacher of SMPN 2 Ledokombo as the
preliminary study for finding and identifying the students’ problems in speaking.
2. Observing the teaching and learning process in the class.
Preliminary study 1.
Fact finding 2.
Problem identification
3. Interviewing the
English teacher
The result achieves the
target score of the action
Cycle stop 1.
Reporting the result
Observation and evaluation
1. Filling the
observation checklist
2. Conducting the
speaking test Implementation
1. Teaching
speaking using drama
technique
Reflecting 1.
Analysis 2.
reflection Planning
1. Constructing the
lesson plan 2.
Preparing the instuments : the
material, the observation
checklist, the speaking test
3. Determining the
target score
3. Planning the action for meeting 1 and meeting 2 which covered constructing
lesson plan, preparing the instruments including the materials, the observation checklist, and determining the target score. It is done collaboratively with the
English teacher. 4.
Implementing the action in the first cycle meeting 1 and meeting 2 5.
Monitoring the implementation of the action by doing class observation using the observation checklist.
6. Administering speaking test to the students after the actions were given. The
test was given at the third meeting. 7.
Analyzing the result of the speaking test. 8.
Reflecting the result of the speaking test, the result of the test has achieved the target score 75 of the students got score
≥70, so the action was stopped. 9.
Drawing a conclusion to answer the research problem.
3.2 Area Determination Method.
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