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The Identification of Problem

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter covers some theories related to the study. The discussion focuses on the reading, narrative text, jigsaw technique, and expository technique

A. Reading

1. The General Concept of Reading

In a great many classrooms, the reading lesson is used as an opportunity to teach pronunciation, practice fluent and expressive speaking, and so on. According to Gerald Prince,”Reading as an activity presupposing a text a set of visually presented linguistic symbols from which meaning can be extracted ”. 3 Reading is one of English skills that need relatively mechanical skills. Elizabeth B. Bernhardt assumed ”reading is viewed as not merely taking written information on the printed matter but also attributing a meaning – extracting process as the essence of the act of reading ”. 4 It means reading is not only to get information from the text passively but also to process it on mind to understand the meaning. That assumption is in line with a linguistic expert, Dorothy Rubin stated that “reading as the conveying of meaning to and the processing the printed word symbols to decode the words and to know the meaning of the selections ”. 5 From the explanation above, it can be seen that learning to read is a complex process because reading requires thinking. When readers read to get the meaning of the printed written selection, it is obviously needed a great number of mechanical skills and comprehension skills as thinking process. Therefore, it can be said that reading includes many aspects of skills. Davis in J. Charles Alderson state that “reading skills involves recalling, drawing, finding, weaving, recognizing, identifying, and following which are considered towards the readers 3 Gerald Prince, Narratology: The form and functioning of narrative,Berlin:Mouton Publisher, 1982,p.103 4 Elizabeth B. Bernhardt, Reading Development in a second language: Theoritical, empirical, and Classroom Perspective,New Jersey: Ablex Publishing, 1991,p.5 5 Dorothy Rubin, A Practical Approach to Teaching Reading,New York: CBS, 1982,p.8

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