especially writing. In this case, I use two kinds of strategy to improve students’ achievement in writing narrative text.
2.2.3.1 Set Goals Strategy
There are a lot of strategies which can be used in teaching and learning process, one of the most powerful in planning strategies is set goals strategy. Set goals
strategy is planning process or the first step which includes in metacognitive strategy. The model organizes learning strategies according to the metacognitive
processes of planning, monitoring, problem-solving, and evaluating. Chamot, et. al. 1999:11 state that:
The meatcognitive Model of Strategic Learning organizes learning strategies in such a way that they become manageable and helpful to students and
teachers. It outlines the processes effective learners use to work through any challenging language learning task and describes ways to transfer strategy
use to other subject areas, as well as to real-life situations.
Students can use these strategies for all of the modalities-reading, listening, writing, and speaking. This model consists of four metacognitive processes:
Chamot, et. al. 1999:13, illustrates the recursive nature of the metacognitive model.
Figure 2.1 Metacognitive Model of Strategic Learning
Based on the diagram above, the four strategies processes are not strictly sequential but may be used a necessary depending on the demands of the task and
the interaction between the task and the learner. According to Chamot, et. al. 1999:18, “Set goals strategy is goal setting involves understanding the task and
deciding what you should get out of it.” This is because this strategy identifying purpose, giving direction and
allowing to plan appropriate and effective strategies, and this strategy can apply for all types of task. This is strategy can be used to develop personal objectives
and identify the purpose of task. Further, Chamot, et. al 1999:14 explain that, “Planning is a crucial first step toward becoming a self-regulation learner.
Planning stra tegies help people develop and use forethought.”
The teacher can use planning strategy to encourage thinking so that the students can reflect before beginning a task. Richard and Renandya 2002:125
state that, successful learners often use metacognitive strategies such as
Plan
Evaluate Monitor
Problem- Solve
organizing, evaluating, and planning their learning might be considered part of any definition of truly effective learning. This happens because during the
planning process, good learners think about how they are going to approach and carry out the task.
In conclusion, the use of planning strategy, especially set goal strategy in teaching and learning process is an appropriate strategy that teacher can apply for
all types of task.
2.2.3.2 Visual Cued Strategy
